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What is the significance of a countermark like this?
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<p>[QUOTE="Justin Lee, post: 4030824, member: 87404"]Countermarks were usually introduced to (re)validate coinage, thereby making or ensuring a coin of its value through the power of the ruler of the empire (or senate or overseer of the area) at the time.</p><p><br /></p><p>Here is a excerpt from a <a href="https://www.cngcoins.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=126" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.cngcoins.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=126" rel="nofollow">short article/page from CNG</a>:</p><blockquote><p>"Beside the obvious necessity of re-validated worn, obsolete or unusual coins for circulation in areas where regular coinage was scarce, there are clear cases where changing political realities were expressed by making revisions to the circulating coinage. Such cases are the numerous varieties of countermarks applied during the tumultuous reign of Nero and subsequent civil unrest. And again, in the Severan period, the struggles for legitimacy among the various family members and usurpers saw a wide array of politically motivated re-validations." </p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p>You are correct that it is of Athena (Minerva) facing right with shield and spear: Howgego 245.</p><p><br /></p><p>Edit: another great resource to learn more about c/m's: <a href="https://www.accla.org/actaaccla/Baker1984.pdf" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.accla.org/actaaccla/Baker1984.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://www.accla.org/actaaccla/Baker1984.pdf</a>[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="Justin Lee, post: 4030824, member: 87404"]Countermarks were usually introduced to (re)validate coinage, thereby making or ensuring a coin of its value through the power of the ruler of the empire (or senate or overseer of the area) at the time. Here is a excerpt from a [URL='https://www.cngcoins.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=126']short article/page from CNG[/URL]: [INDENT]"Beside the obvious necessity of re-validated worn, obsolete or unusual coins for circulation in areas where regular coinage was scarce, there are clear cases where changing political realities were expressed by making revisions to the circulating coinage. Such cases are the numerous varieties of countermarks applied during the tumultuous reign of Nero and subsequent civil unrest. And again, in the Severan period, the struggles for legitimacy among the various family members and usurpers saw a wide array of politically motivated re-validations." [/INDENT] You are correct that it is of Athena (Minerva) facing right with shield and spear: Howgego 245. Edit: another great resource to learn more about c/m's: [URL]https://www.accla.org/actaaccla/Baker1984.pdf[/URL][/QUOTE]
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What is the significance of a countermark like this?
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