Interesting piece; a while ago I posted a comment on it here ... https://www.cointalk.com/threads/german-notgeld-1-goldmark-from-bielefeld.290359/#post-2645138 ... but there is also this earlier topic: https://www.cointalk.com/threads/bi...-bank-issue-need-a-german-translation.232526/ Christian
Spain BARCELONA Louis XIV, King of France & Count of Barcelona (1643-52) Siege 10 Reales struck when French army besieged by Don Juan of Austria ( July 1651-13 Oct.1652). During the Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659), the French were able to take advantage of a Catalan revolt against Spain's King Philip IV and take control of much of Catalonia, with King Louis XIV ruling as Count of Barcelona. Eventually, the Catalans discovered that the French were even more overbearing than their former Spanish masters, and many switched their loyalty back to Madrid. The Spanish gradually reconquered Catalonia as the French, with problems elsewhere, withdrew their forces. The remnants of Catalan resistance and the depleted French forces in Barcelona surrendered to Spanish Habsburg forces in October 1652 after a 15 month siege. During the siege and land and sea blockade by Don Juan of Austria (Philip IV's illegitimate son, the French commander Maréchal de la Mothe had this coin struck with a weight of only 330 centigrams compared to the 2320 centigram legal weight for 10 reales. The Treaty of the Pyrenees (17 Nov. 1659) formally returned Catalonia to Philip IV, although the French retained Rousillon and part of the Cerdagne.
IRELAND 6 Pence n.d.(1643-44) Struck by the Royalist government during the Irish Rebellion; called Ormond Money after the Earl of Ormond, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from November 1643 to 1649
Tyrol, Austria 20 Kreuzer 1809. Struck under Andrea's Hofer, leader of the rebellion against Bavaria. In fact, he successfully fought and freed Tirol from Bavaria three times, but Austria kept losing wars with Napoleon and ceded it back to Bavaria with each treaty (despite promises not to). Ultimately, Hofer failed in his final effort to free Tirol and was eventually executed. During his short rule in Tirol, he minted a 1 and 20 Kreuzer coin.
This thread seems to have gone quiet for a while Netherlands DEVENTER Uniface 1/2 Daalder Siege Klippe 1578 During the Dutch War of Independence Deventer was held for Spain from 1572 by the German Polweiler-regiment on behalf of Don John of Austria. . The city had to pay for this garrison. In 1578, to better protect the regions of Holland and Utrecht from Spanish plundering, troops of the Dutch States General under George van Lalaing, Count van Rennenberg, took Kampen and then laid siege to Deventer on 3 August. The starving city surrendered on 19 November 1578. The city had to strike emergency coins (like this) from the town’s silverware to pay the German soldiers.
Deutsches Ostafrika 1916-T Tabora Mint AV 15 Rupien These coins where struck in 1916 to pay the native Askaris fighting the British in WW1. The "Bush Fox" aka Paul Von Lettenow-Vorbeek went thru the entire War, never lost a battle against a very much larger Allied war machine. The native Askaris where experts at "Bush Warfare" and where loyal to the Kaiser to the bitter end. They only surrendered after the Armistice was declared in Europe. These where the last gold coins struck by the Imperial Reich.
And here is DEVENTER again in trouble in 1672 After the secret Treaty of Dover between France, England, the Bishopric of Münster and the Archbishop of Cologne against the Dutch Republic, French troops crossed Münster and Cologne territories and invaded the Dutch in May 1672 . Bernhard von Galen, Prince-Bishop of Münster, also invaded the Netherlands on 1 June to conquer part of the country. A soldier-cleric known as Bombing Bernard, he bombarded Deventer, which quickly capitulated. The city seceded from the Republic and again joined the Holy Roman Empire on 25 June. These coins were not struck during the siege (Deventer surrendered almost without a fight) but to commemorate it afterwards. In 1673, with Spanish and Imperial forces helping the Dutch, who flooded parts of the country, France had to withdraw some of its troops. By the end of August the half-starving Münster army disintegrated. Under the peace of 1674 van Galen abandoned his conquests and all his claims. Netherlands DEVENTER Uniface Commemorative Siege Daalder 1672 and here is the 1/4 Daalder
And after Deventer, Bombing Bernard moved on to Kampen, which also decided to capitulate quickly. The French Count Gacé was made Governor.. Faced with heavy occupation costs and a shortage of money, the Kampen City Fathers under Mayor Johan van Harn decided to take the city silver to the Mint and used it all (except for 2 jugs & 2 cups, presents for Gacé & the duke of Luxemburg) to strike coins, including this emergency Taler. Netherlands KAMPEN Emergency Daalder 1672 (struck after the siege)