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<p>[QUOTE="Azpatriot, post: 1266215, member: 32979"][h=2]Reagan plan[/h] It was against this backdrop in 1980 that the United States began an election year. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" rel="nofollow">Ronald Reagan</a>, a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29" rel="nofollow">Republican</a>, ran the presidential race on a platform that included improving the armed services, which appealed to then-current American fears regarding Soviet military power.[SUP][<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" rel="nofollow">citation needed</a></i>][/SUP] He continued this in 1984, releasing a campaign commercial, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear_in_the_woods" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear_in_the_woods" rel="nofollow">A bear in the woods</a>, which played on the use of the bear as a national symbol of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" rel="nofollow">Russia</a>, asked the rhetorical question, "Isn't it smart to be as strong as the bear?"</p><p> Under the programs put forth by Reagan,[SUP][<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" rel="nofollow">citation needed</a></i>][/SUP] the overseas strategic retaliation arm was strengthened and the development of new weaponry like the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-1B_bomber" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-1B_bomber" rel="nofollow">B-1B bomber</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M2_Bradley" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M2_Bradley" rel="nofollow">Bradley fighting vehicle</a>, and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Abrams" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Abrams" rel="nofollow">Abrams tank</a> was completed and they were put into production.</p><p> [h=2][<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=600-ship_Navy&action=edit&section=3" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=600-ship_Navy&action=edit&section=3" rel="nofollow">edit</a>] Ships and weapons systems deployed during the plan era[/h] The Navy saw the largest benefit of the rebuilding. Under the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reagan_Administration" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reagan_Administration" rel="nofollow">Reagan Administration</a>, the first of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_class_submarine" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_class_submarine" rel="nofollow"><i>Ohio</i>-class</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistic_missile_submarine" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistic_missile_submarine" rel="nofollow">ballistic missile submarines</a> was completed. This class was the largest submarine ever built in the U.S. The ship carried 24 Trident I nuclear missiles, each one capable of hitting targets 4,000 miles distant. Construction of the <i>Nimitz</i> class of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercarrier" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercarrier" rel="nofollow">supercarriers</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_class_submarine" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_class_submarine" rel="nofollow"><i>Los Angeles</i>-class</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_submarine" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_submarine" rel="nofollow">attack submarines</a> was dramatically stepped up. The revolutionary new <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegis_combat_system" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegis_combat_system" rel="nofollow">Aegis combat system</a> was installed on the up-and-coming <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticonderoga_class_cruiser" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticonderoga_class_cruiser" rel="nofollow"><i>Ticonderoga</i>-class</a> ships, production of which was also stepped up. Several aircraft carriers were put through Service Life Extension Programs (SLEPs) aimed at keeping them in service longer. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa_class_battleship" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa_class_battleship" rel="nofollow"><i>Iowa</i>-class battleships</a>, built in the 1940s, were all recommissioned and refitted with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGM-84_Harpoon" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGM-84_Harpoon" rel="nofollow">RGM-84 Harpoon</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BGM-109_Tomahawk" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BGM-109_Tomahawk" rel="nofollow">BGM-109 Tomahawk</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalanx_CIWS" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalanx_CIWS" rel="nofollow">Phalanx CIWS</a> system capabilities, plus their armor plating would be more resilient against <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-ship_missile" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-ship_missile" rel="nofollow">anti-ship missiles</a>. The first Harpoons, Tomahawks, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGM-88_HARM" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGM-88_HARM" rel="nofollow">AGM-88 HARM missiles</a> all debuted on the navy's ships. Naval aviation was stepped up with the introduction of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F/A-18_Hornet" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F/A-18_Hornet" rel="nofollow">F/A-18 Hornet</a>, along with improved versions of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EA-6_Prowler" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EA-6_Prowler" rel="nofollow">EA-6 Prowler</a> electronic countermeasure aircraft, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-6_Intruder" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-6_Intruder" rel="nofollow">A-6 Intruder</a>, and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-14_Tomcat" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-14_Tomcat" rel="nofollow">F-14 Tomcat</a>. In addition, the nation's strategic retaliatory arm was stengthened with advanced B-1B bombers and deploying <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MGM-31_Pershing#Pershing_II" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MGM-31_Pershing#Pershing_II" rel="nofollow">Pershing II</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre_ballistic_missile" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre_ballistic_missile" rel="nofollow">theater missiles</a> to Europe. The initiative also included deployment of sophisticated Abrams main battle tanks and Bradley armored fighting vehicles.</p><p> While many of the increases would not reach their full deployment, by 1990 the United States Navy was by far the largest in the world, with 15 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_battle_group" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_battle_group" rel="nofollow">carrier battle groups</a>, four <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battleship_battle_group" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battleship_battle_group" rel="nofollow">battleship surface action groups</a>, and over 100 attack submarines.</p><p> [h=2][<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=600-ship_Navy&action=edit&section=4" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=600-ship_Navy&action=edit&section=4" rel="nofollow">edit</a>] End of the plan[/h] Eventually political pressure to reduce the national <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budget_deficit" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budget_deficit" rel="nofollow">budget deficit</a> resulted in Congress reversing itself and passing a series of declining defense budgets beginning in 1986. Weinberger clashed with Congress over the cuts, resigning in late 1987, and was succeeded by the more pragmatic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Carlucci" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Carlucci" rel="nofollow">Frank Carlucci</a>.[SUP]<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/600-ship_Navy#cite_note-1" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/600-ship_Navy#cite_note-1" rel="nofollow">[2]</a>[/SUP] Lehman's successor as Navy Secretary, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_H._Webb" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_H._Webb" rel="nofollow">James H. Webb</a>, remained a fierce proponent of the expanded fleet, and disagreed with Carlucci over how to cut the Navy budget in line with other services. Webb resigned rather than endorse Carlucci's cut of 16 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigate" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigate" rel="nofollow">frigates</a>.[SUP]<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/600-ship_Navy#cite_note-2" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/600-ship_Navy#cite_note-2" rel="nofollow">[3]</a>[/SUP] As revealed in <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Reagan_Diaries" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Reagan_Diaries" rel="nofollow">The Reagan Diaries</a></i>, Reagan reflected about Webb's resignation on February 22, 1988: "Present Sec. Webb resigned over budget cuts. I don't think Navy was sorry to see him go."</p><p> Following the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" rel="nofollow">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a> in the early 1990s and the lack of a perceived threat against the United States, several of the Reagan Administration's policies and plans, such as the "600-ship Navy", were scaled back or abandoned. U.S. bases across Europe and North America were slowly decommissioned and closed, others were mothballed. In the Navy, this resulted in the retirement of several older carriers, the decommissioning of all four of the <i>Iowa</i>-class <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battleship" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battleship" rel="nofollow">battleships</a> and the cancellation of the remaining <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seawolf_class_submarine" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seawolf_class_submarine" rel="nofollow"><i>Seawolf</i>-class submarines</a>.</p><p> By 2009, there were only 285 ships in the U.S. Navy.[SUP]<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/600-ship_Navy#cite_note-3" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/600-ship_Navy#cite_note-3" rel="nofollow">[4]</a>[/SUP] However, the United States still possesses the most powerful navy in the world.[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="Azpatriot, post: 1266215, member: 32979"][h=2]Reagan plan[/h] It was against this backdrop in 1980 that the United States began an election year. [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan"]Ronald Reagan[/URL], a [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29"]Republican[/URL], ran the presidential race on a platform that included improving the armed services, which appealed to then-current American fears regarding Soviet military power.[SUP][[I][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"]citation needed[/URL][/I]][/SUP] He continued this in 1984, releasing a campaign commercial, [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear_in_the_woods"]A bear in the woods[/URL], which played on the use of the bear as a national symbol of [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia"]Russia[/URL], asked the rhetorical question, "Isn't it smart to be as strong as the bear?" Under the programs put forth by Reagan,[SUP][[I][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"]citation needed[/URL][/I]][/SUP] the overseas strategic retaliation arm was strengthened and the development of new weaponry like the [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-1B_bomber"]B-1B bomber[/URL], the [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M2_Bradley"]Bradley fighting vehicle[/URL], and the [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Abrams"]Abrams tank[/URL] was completed and they were put into production. [h=2][[URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=600-ship_Navy&action=edit§ion=3"]edit[/URL]] Ships and weapons systems deployed during the plan era[/h] The Navy saw the largest benefit of the rebuilding. Under the [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reagan_Administration"]Reagan Administration[/URL], the first of the [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_class_submarine"][I]Ohio[/I]-class[/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistic_missile_submarine"]ballistic missile submarines[/URL] was completed. This class was the largest submarine ever built in the U.S. The ship carried 24 Trident I nuclear missiles, each one capable of hitting targets 4,000 miles distant. Construction of the [I]Nimitz[/I] class of [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercarrier"]supercarriers[/URL] and [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_class_submarine"][I]Los Angeles[/I]-class[/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_submarine"]attack submarines[/URL] was dramatically stepped up. The revolutionary new [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegis_combat_system"]Aegis combat system[/URL] was installed on the up-and-coming [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticonderoga_class_cruiser"][I]Ticonderoga[/I]-class[/URL] ships, production of which was also stepped up. Several aircraft carriers were put through Service Life Extension Programs (SLEPs) aimed at keeping them in service longer. The [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa_class_battleship"][I]Iowa[/I]-class battleships[/URL], built in the 1940s, were all recommissioned and refitted with [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGM-84_Harpoon"]RGM-84 Harpoon[/URL], [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BGM-109_Tomahawk"]BGM-109 Tomahawk[/URL], and [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalanx_CIWS"]Phalanx CIWS[/URL] system capabilities, plus their armor plating would be more resilient against [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-ship_missile"]anti-ship missiles[/URL]. The first Harpoons, Tomahawks, and [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGM-88_HARM"]AGM-88 HARM missiles[/URL] all debuted on the navy's ships. Naval aviation was stepped up with the introduction of the [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F/A-18_Hornet"]F/A-18 Hornet[/URL], along with improved versions of the [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EA-6_Prowler"]EA-6 Prowler[/URL] electronic countermeasure aircraft, the [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-6_Intruder"]A-6 Intruder[/URL], and the [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-14_Tomcat"]F-14 Tomcat[/URL]. In addition, the nation's strategic retaliatory arm was stengthened with advanced B-1B bombers and deploying [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MGM-31_Pershing#Pershing_II"]Pershing II[/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre_ballistic_missile"]theater missiles[/URL] to Europe. The initiative also included deployment of sophisticated Abrams main battle tanks and Bradley armored fighting vehicles. While many of the increases would not reach their full deployment, by 1990 the United States Navy was by far the largest in the world, with 15 [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_battle_group"]carrier battle groups[/URL], four [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battleship_battle_group"]battleship surface action groups[/URL], and over 100 attack submarines. [h=2][[URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=600-ship_Navy&action=edit§ion=4"]edit[/URL]] End of the plan[/h] Eventually political pressure to reduce the national [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budget_deficit"]budget deficit[/URL] resulted in Congress reversing itself and passing a series of declining defense budgets beginning in 1986. Weinberger clashed with Congress over the cuts, resigning in late 1987, and was succeeded by the more pragmatic [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Carlucci"]Frank Carlucci[/URL].[SUP][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/600-ship_Navy#cite_note-1"][2][/URL][/SUP] Lehman's successor as Navy Secretary, [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_H._Webb"]James H. Webb[/URL], remained a fierce proponent of the expanded fleet, and disagreed with Carlucci over how to cut the Navy budget in line with other services. Webb resigned rather than endorse Carlucci's cut of 16 [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigate"]frigates[/URL].[SUP][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/600-ship_Navy#cite_note-2"][3][/URL][/SUP] As revealed in [I][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Reagan_Diaries"]The Reagan Diaries[/URL][/I], Reagan reflected about Webb's resignation on February 22, 1988: "Present Sec. Webb resigned over budget cuts. I don't think Navy was sorry to see him go." Following the [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union"]dissolution of the Soviet Union[/URL] in the early 1990s and the lack of a perceived threat against the United States, several of the Reagan Administration's policies and plans, such as the "600-ship Navy", were scaled back or abandoned. U.S. bases across Europe and North America were slowly decommissioned and closed, others were mothballed. In the Navy, this resulted in the retirement of several older carriers, the decommissioning of all four of the [I]Iowa[/I]-class [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battleship"]battleships[/URL] and the cancellation of the remaining [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seawolf_class_submarine"][I]Seawolf[/I]-class submarines[/URL]. By 2009, there were only 285 ships in the U.S. Navy.[SUP][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/600-ship_Navy#cite_note-3"][4][/URL][/SUP] However, the United States still possesses the most powerful navy in the world.[/QUOTE]
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