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<p>[QUOTE="Jochen1, post: 3456304, member: 103829"] </p><p>Dear Friends of ancient mythology!</p><p><br /></p><p>I just discovered the thread on Commagene. This article about Zeus Kataibates fits well:</p><p><br /></p><p><b>1st coin:</b></p><p>Syria, Cyrrhestica, Cyrrhus, Marcus Aurelius, AD 161-180</p><p>AE 23, 12.9g, 0°.</p><p>obv.: AVTO K M A[VPH] - ANTΩNINOC CEB</p><p>laureate bust r.</p><p>rev: [ΔIOC] KATEBATOV - KVPHCTΩN</p><p>Zeus Kataibates, in himation, std. l. on rocks, supports the right arm on his knee, holds thunderbolt in r. hand and resting with raised l. hand on long scepter; l. before him an eagle r.</p><p>Ref: SNG UK 1301, 660</p><p>Extremely rare, with attractive red, earthy patina</p><p>[ATTACH=full]918725[/ATTACH]</p><p><i>Kataibates</i> (= descending) was an <i>epiclesis</i> of Zeus as the god of lightning (cf. Aeschyl. Prom. 358), to whom the places struck by lightning (Greek: <i>elusia, enelusia</i>, Latin: <i>putealia, bidentalia</i>) were consecrated (Poll. 9, 41). These were then surrounded by a fence or other enclosure and were considered sacred. There were cults for Zeus the 'Descender' in Athens, in Olympia (Paus. 5, 14, 9), on several Aegean islands, in Taranto and in Kyrrhos in Syria.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Note:</b></p><p><i>Epiklesis</i> = as much as a nickname under which a god was called.</p><p><br /></p><p>According to the latest results also the temple of Zeugma was consecrated to Zeus Kataibates:</p><p><br /></p><p><b>2nd coin:</b></p><p>Syria, Commagene, Zeugma, Philipp II, AD 244-249</p><p>AE 29, 15.7g, 0°.</p><p>minted probably in Antioch like all coins of Northern Syria (Kevin Butcher)</p><p>Av.: AVTOK K M IOVΛI ΦIΛIΠΠOC CEB</p><p>Bust, draped and cuirassed, laureare, r.</p><p>Rv: ZEVΓM - ATEΩN (Z mirrored, as usual)</p><p>Tetrastyle temple, in it cult statue of Zeus Kataibates, stg. frontal, resting with raised l. hand on Long sceptre; in front of him <i>peribolos</i> with holy grove, which could be entered through a monumental two-door gate</p><p>Below Capricorn l.</p><p>Ref.: BMC 35 var. (Capricorn r.!); SNG Copenhagen 35 var.</p><p>almost VF</p><p>[ATTACH=full]918727[/ATTACH]</p><p><b>Notes:</b></p><p>(1) The Capricorn was the zodiac sign of Augustus and the symbol of Legio IIII Scythia that was stationed at Zeugma.</p><p>(2) For the cult image see: Antonio Miguel de Guadan, "El abaton de Zeus Kataibates en Zeugma de Commagene segun las representaciones monetarias", Acta Num 2 (1972), pp. 1-18.</p><p><br /></p><p>Zeugma was a double city (hence the name!) on the upper Euphrates, connected by an important bridge with its twin city Apameia on the other bank. For strategic reasons it had been founded by Seleukos I on the right bank as Seleukeia. Unfortunately, this invaluable ancient site is sinking into the new Euphrates reservoir built by Turkey against the protest of the civilized world! Emergency excavations have unearthed magnificent mosaics, murals, buildings and tomb monuments that testify to the city's prosperity and which could only partly be saved. In ancient times Zeugma was considered the Pompeii of the East! The temple of Zeus Kataibates was probably on the acropolis of Zeugma.</p><p><br /></p><p>Further information about Zeugma can be found at</p><p><a href="http://www.arts.uwa.edu.au/Classics/archeology/Z2.html" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.arts.uwa.edu.au/Classics/archeology/Z2.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.arts.uwa.edu.au/Classics/archeology/Z2.html</a></p><p><a href="http://www.ist.lu/zeugma/home.html" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.ist.lu/zeugma/home.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.ist.lu/zeugma/home.html</a>.</p><p><br /></p><p><i>Kataibates</i> was also the nickname of other gods:</p><p>(1) of the Acheron, because the shadows descended to him on the way to the underworld.</p><p>(2) Apollo called under that name to guarantee a happy homecoming, and</p><p>(3) of Hermes, who accompanied the shadows into the underworld, in Athens and Rhodes.</p><p>Demetrios Poliorketes was also called Kataibates in Athens (where he got off the car!).</p><p><br /></p><p>As an example of the wonderful mosaiks I have added the pic of a saved mosaic depicting Poseidon, Okeanos and Tethys.</p><p>[ATTACH=full]918728[/ATTACH]</p><p><br /></p><p>Best regards[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="Jochen1, post: 3456304, member: 103829"][B] [/B] Dear Friends of ancient mythology! I just discovered the thread on Commagene. This article about Zeus Kataibates fits well: [I][B][/B][/I] [B]1st coin:[/B] Syria, Cyrrhestica, Cyrrhus, Marcus Aurelius, AD 161-180 AE 23, 12.9g, 0°. obv.: AVTO K M A[VPH] - ANTΩNINOC CEB laureate bust r. rev: [ΔIOC] KATEBATOV - KVPHCTΩN Zeus Kataibates, in himation, std. l. on rocks, supports the right arm on his knee, holds thunderbolt in r. hand and resting with raised l. hand on long scepter; l. before him an eagle r. Ref: SNG UK 1301, 660 Extremely rare, with attractive red, earthy patina [ATTACH=full]918725[/ATTACH] [I]Kataibates[/I] (= descending) was an [I]epiclesis[/I] of Zeus as the god of lightning (cf. Aeschyl. Prom. 358), to whom the places struck by lightning (Greek: [I]elusia, enelusia[/I], Latin: [I]putealia, bidentalia[/I]) were consecrated (Poll. 9, 41). These were then surrounded by a fence or other enclosure and were considered sacred. There were cults for Zeus the 'Descender' in Athens, in Olympia (Paus. 5, 14, 9), on several Aegean islands, in Taranto and in Kyrrhos in Syria. [B]Note:[/B] [I]Epiklesis[/I] = as much as a nickname under which a god was called. According to the latest results also the temple of Zeugma was consecrated to Zeus Kataibates: [B]2nd coin:[/B] Syria, Commagene, Zeugma, Philipp II, AD 244-249 AE 29, 15.7g, 0°. minted probably in Antioch like all coins of Northern Syria (Kevin Butcher) Av.: AVTOK K M IOVΛI ΦIΛIΠΠOC CEB Bust, draped and cuirassed, laureare, r. Rv: ZEVΓM - ATEΩN (Z mirrored, as usual) Tetrastyle temple, in it cult statue of Zeus Kataibates, stg. frontal, resting with raised l. hand on Long sceptre; in front of him [I]peribolos[/I] with holy grove, which could be entered through a monumental two-door gate Below Capricorn l. Ref.: BMC 35 var. (Capricorn r.!); SNG Copenhagen 35 var. almost VF [ATTACH=full]918727[/ATTACH] [B]Notes:[/B] (1) The Capricorn was the zodiac sign of Augustus and the symbol of Legio IIII Scythia that was stationed at Zeugma. (2) For the cult image see: Antonio Miguel de Guadan, "El abaton de Zeus Kataibates en Zeugma de Commagene segun las representaciones monetarias", Acta Num 2 (1972), pp. 1-18. Zeugma was a double city (hence the name!) on the upper Euphrates, connected by an important bridge with its twin city Apameia on the other bank. For strategic reasons it had been founded by Seleukos I on the right bank as Seleukeia. Unfortunately, this invaluable ancient site is sinking into the new Euphrates reservoir built by Turkey against the protest of the civilized world! Emergency excavations have unearthed magnificent mosaics, murals, buildings and tomb monuments that testify to the city's prosperity and which could only partly be saved. In ancient times Zeugma was considered the Pompeii of the East! The temple of Zeus Kataibates was probably on the acropolis of Zeugma. Further information about Zeugma can be found at [url]http://www.arts.uwa.edu.au/Classics/archeology/Z2.html[/url] [url]http://www.ist.lu/zeugma/home.html[/url]. [I]Kataibates[/I] was also the nickname of other gods: (1) of the Acheron, because the shadows descended to him on the way to the underworld. (2) Apollo called under that name to guarantee a happy homecoming, and (3) of Hermes, who accompanied the shadows into the underworld, in Athens and Rhodes. Demetrios Poliorketes was also called Kataibates in Athens (where he got off the car!). As an example of the wonderful mosaiks I have added the pic of a saved mosaic depicting Poseidon, Okeanos and Tethys. [ATTACH=full]918728[/ATTACH] Best regards[/QUOTE]
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