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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;Severus Alexander, post: 3876195, member: 84744&quot;]I&#039;m glad your coins arrived so quickly, Al!&nbsp; Those Zangid/Zengid and Artuqid figural AE dirhams are an excellent introduction to Islamic coins.&nbsp; I highly recommend Richard Plant&#039;s book Arabic Coins &amp; how to read them.&nbsp; Reading Arabic isn&#039;t quite as hard as it looks... though I have yet to master it from memory. <img src="styles/default/xenforo/clear.png" class="mceSmilieSprite mceSmilie8" alt=":D" unselectable="on" unselectable="on" /></p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1024003[/ATTACH] </p><p>Zangid: Badr al-Din Lu&#039;lu (1233-1259), AE dirham (overstruck), Mosul, dated AH 631 (1233-34)</p><p><br /></p><p><font size="3">My notes: &quot;Badr al-Din Lu&#039;lu&#039; (Arabic: بدر الدين لؤلؤ‎) (died 1259) was successor to the Zangid rulers of Mosul, where he governed in variety of capacities for half a century. He was the first mamluk to transcend servitude and become sultan in his own right, anticipating the rise of the Bahri Mamluks in Egypt by twenty years.</font></p><p><font size="3">Lu&#039;lu&#039; was an Armenian convert to Islam, in the household of the Zangid ruler Nur al-Din Arslanshah I (1193-1211). Recognized for his abilities as an administrator, he rose to the rank of atabeg and, after 1211, served as regent until the death of the last Zengid, Nasir al-Din Mahmud in 1233. From this time on, he ruled independently.&nbsp; Mosul was spared destruction in the Mongol invasion (the sack of Baghdad was in 1258) because Lu&#039;Lu&#039; helped Hulagu in his campaigns in Syria.&quot;</font>[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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