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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;John Anthony, post: 2306085, member: 42773&quot;]The second coin is considerably more scarce, of Colonia Celsa during the reign of Augustus. I&#039;m not certain about the dating on these issues. I have attributed it to his earlier tenure as Octavian, as some, presumably later emissions read AVGVSTVS. This one does not. Is it an Imperial or Imperatorial coin? Or would you call it Roman Republic Provincial? Somebody help me out. <img src="styles/default/xenforo/clear.png" class="mceSmilieSprite mceSmilie1" alt=":)" unselectable="on" unselectable="on" /></p><p><br /></p><p>The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsa_%28Roman_city%29" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsa_%28Roman_city%29" rel="nofollow">wiki blurb on Celsa</a> is succinct and accurate...</p><p><br /></p><p><font size="4">Marcus Emilius Lepidus, governor of Nearer Spain, decided to found a colony here in 44 BC, as Colonia Celsa Lepida, the highest rank of Roman city and, with Caesaraugusta, one of the only two colonies in Aragon. The new town occupied an area of about 44 acres and played a key role as communications centre via Tarraco (Tarragona). The colony numbered 4,000 discharged veterans of the legions, who received a plot of land to cultivate and Roman citizenship.</font></p><p><font size="4"><br /></font></p><p><font size="4">The settlement was soon renamed Colonia Victrix Iulia Celsa, Latinising its original name, because Lepidus was removed from political office and exiled in 36 BC by Augustus, Caesar&#039;s successor. Celsa experienced a period of great splendour, but it was brief and from the time of Nero it began to wane. The reason for its decline is likely to be due to economic and administrative changes resulting from the creation of a new and thriving colony in the area, Caesaraugusta, which monopolised the main trade flows.</font></p><p><br /></p><p><font size="4">[ATTACH=full]464042[/ATTACH] </font></p><p><font size="4"><br /></font></p><p><b><font size="4">Octavian, 27 BC - AD 14</font></b></p><p><font size="4">AE32, 16g, 6h; Colonia Celsa.</font></p><p><font size="4">Obv.: II VIR COL V I CELSA; bare head of Octavian right.</font></p><p><font size="4">Rev.: Bull right; L.POMPE.BVCCO above, L.CORNE.FRONT (moneyers).</font></p><p><font size="4">Reference: RPC 269; Burgos 611.</font>[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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