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<p>[QUOTE="Curtis, post: 8266518, member: 26430"][USER=31620]@maridvnvm[/USER] -- so glad you revived this post, because I missed it the first time around. Most of my trophy types also have captives with them, though I suppose any trophy reverse type probably illustrates captured arms, and thus could belong in my "Barbarians, Captives, and Enemies" collection of Roman coins.</p><p><br /></p><p>What I love most about the captives-and-trophy types is that they usually (perhaps always?) reference a specific military conflict/enemy and, even if the legends don't explicitly indicate which, the details of the imagery often do so.</p><p><br /></p><p>As [USER=57495]@zumbly[/USER] noted, the two-captives-and-trophy archetype began with the Caesar denarius. The arms -- especially the <i>carnyx</i>, war trumpet -- clearly relate that these are Gauls. Sometimes the imagery is ambiguous (at least to modern eyes) or requires detailed examples and/or more context to interpret.</p><p><br /></p><p>(There had previously been single-captives-with-trophies beginning with the 101 BCE Fundanius Quinarius, then the 98 BCE Cloelius Quinarius, shown above a few times. But Caesar's 2-captives-&-a-trophy design stuck. <i>Did the image come from a non-coin sculpture somewhere, or is was it born on the denarius?</i>)</p><p><br /></p><p><font size="4"><b>Nine examples of two-captives-and-trophy reverses and their likely ethnic/national identity, in chronological order, from Caesar to Constantine. </b><i>(Coins mine, but </i><a href="https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=5746412" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=5746412" rel="nofollow"><i>Titus <i>photo</i> by Gorny</i></a><i>, Maximinus </i><a href="https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=7758539" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=7758539" rel="nofollow"><i>by CNG</i></a><i>, Constantine by Koci, Commodus </i><a href="https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=7783953" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=7783953" rel="nofollow"><i>by Savoca</i></a><i>; other five by me.)</i></font></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1458579[/ATTACH] </p><p><br /></p><p>The Titus (ex [USER=74968]@Orfew[/USER] -- <a href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/rare-titus-denarius.334573/" class="internalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/rare-titus-denarius.334573/">posted previously</a> -- and of the same series as some [USER=82616]@David Atherton[/USER] examples above) is often cataloged as a Judaea Capta type (e.g. by David Hendin, and the coin's previous owner, Shlomo Moussaief; same is true for the Titus / triumphal quadriga type), but others assign it to the British campaign led by Agricola, c. 77-83 (e.g., <a href="https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=3299327" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=3299327" rel="nofollow">CNG, discussing the AV Aureus</a>). I haven't tried to find the sources for the latter yet, but it's on my to-do list.</p><p><br /></p><p>By the 3rd and 4th cent., the captives and trophies took on a more generic appearance. When there aren't clues in the legend or obvious candidates from history, it is often unclear to me whether or not a specific victory is being announced (either in celebration of, or in hopes of). </p><p><br /></p><p>I think it's an open question whether these types <i>always</i> reference particular events, or simply simply proclaim the Emperor's general capacity and inclination to conquer and capture in the abstract. <i>If the latter, when did the switch occur?</i> (All Republican through Adoptive issues, as far as I can tell, appear to correspond to specific conflicts and enemies.)[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="Curtis, post: 8266518, member: 26430"][USER=31620]@maridvnvm[/USER] -- so glad you revived this post, because I missed it the first time around. Most of my trophy types also have captives with them, though I suppose any trophy reverse type probably illustrates captured arms, and thus could belong in my "Barbarians, Captives, and Enemies" collection of Roman coins. What I love most about the captives-and-trophy types is that they usually (perhaps always?) reference a specific military conflict/enemy and, even if the legends don't explicitly indicate which, the details of the imagery often do so. As [USER=57495]@zumbly[/USER] noted, the two-captives-and-trophy archetype began with the Caesar denarius. The arms -- especially the [I]carnyx[/I], war trumpet -- clearly relate that these are Gauls. Sometimes the imagery is ambiguous (at least to modern eyes) or requires detailed examples and/or more context to interpret. (There had previously been single-captives-with-trophies beginning with the 101 BCE Fundanius Quinarius, then the 98 BCE Cloelius Quinarius, shown above a few times. But Caesar's 2-captives-&-a-trophy design stuck. [I]Did the image come from a non-coin sculpture somewhere, or is was it born on the denarius?[/I]) [SIZE=4][B]Nine examples of two-captives-and-trophy reverses and their likely ethnic/national identity, in chronological order, from Caesar to Constantine. [/B][I](Coins mine, but [/I][URL='https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=5746412'][I]Titus [I]photo[/I] by Gorny[/I][/URL][I], Maximinus [/I][URL='https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=7758539'][I]by CNG[/I][/URL][I], Constantine by Koci, Commodus [/I][URL='https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=7783953'][I]by Savoca[/I][/URL][I]; other five by me.)[/I][/SIZE] [ATTACH=full]1458579[/ATTACH] The Titus (ex [USER=74968]@Orfew[/USER] -- [URL='https://www.cointalk.com/threads/rare-titus-denarius.334573/']posted previously[/URL] -- and of the same series as some [USER=82616]@David Atherton[/USER] examples above) is often cataloged as a Judaea Capta type (e.g. by David Hendin, and the coin's previous owner, Shlomo Moussaief; same is true for the Titus / triumphal quadriga type), but others assign it to the British campaign led by Agricola, c. 77-83 (e.g., [URL='https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=3299327']CNG, discussing the AV Aureus[/URL]). I haven't tried to find the sources for the latter yet, but it's on my to-do list. By the 3rd and 4th cent., the captives and trophies took on a more generic appearance. When there aren't clues in the legend or obvious candidates from history, it is often unclear to me whether or not a specific victory is being announced (either in celebration of, or in hopes of). I think it's an open question whether these types [I]always[/I] reference particular events, or simply simply proclaim the Emperor's general capacity and inclination to conquer and capture in the abstract. [I]If the latter, when did the switch occur?[/I] (All Republican through Adoptive issues, as far as I can tell, appear to correspond to specific conflicts and enemies.)[/QUOTE]
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