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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;+VGO.DVCKS, post: 4957568, member: 110504&quot;][USER=57463]@kaparthy[/USER], may I start by thanking you for giving the subject this much consideration?</p><p>Sounds as if your conceptual frame of reference is more economic than cultural.&nbsp; From someone as left-brain-impaired as yours truly, I&#039;m trying (with some discrete measure of success, just <i>so </i>far) to take that on board. </p><p>...Except, not only did the (effectively pre-monetary) Vikings look at all of these Samanid dirhams, etc., as bullion (hence hack-silver); there&#039;s a 13th-century stained glass window in one of the more famous French cathedrals (Rheims? Chartres? forget) which shows moneylenders weighing coins.&nbsp; Even as of then, the weight and composition, from one regional issue (including royal ones) to another was so volatile that --especially in the absence of Arabic numerals-- you ended up <i>having </i>to do this.&nbsp; On the ground; in real time.</p><p>..I&#039;m about to wiki Denise Schmandt-Besserat.&nbsp; It&#039;ll be (please read, Only) a start.[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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