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<p>[QUOTE="ro1974, post: 6448325, member: 73358"]In my Collection</p><p>The Triumvirs. Mark Antony. Summer 32 BC. AR Denarius (19.5mm, 3.54 g, 3h). Athens mint. Bare head right; / ANTONIVS/AVG • IMP • III in two lines[ATTACH=full]1256476[/ATTACH] [ATTACH=full]1256477[/ATTACH]</p><p><br /></p><p>Originally, <i>triumviri</i> were special commissions of three men appointed for specific administrative tasks apart from the regular duties of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_magistrates" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_magistrates" rel="nofollow">Roman magistrates</a>. The <i>triumviri capitales</i>, for instance, oversaw prisons and executions, along with other functions that, as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Lintott" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Lintott" rel="nofollow">Andrew Lintott</a> notes, show them to have been "a mixture of police superintendents and justices of the peace."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumvirate#cite_note-7" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumvirate#cite_note-7" rel="nofollow">[7]</a> The <i>capitales</i> were first established around 290 to 287 BC.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumvirate#cite_note-8" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumvirate#cite_note-8" rel="nofollow">[8]</a> They were supervised by the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praetor#Praetor_urbanus" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praetor#Praetor_urbanus" rel="nofollow">praetor urbanus</a></i>. These <i>triumviri</i>, or the <i>tresviri nocturni</i>,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumvirate#cite_note-9" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumvirate#cite_note-9" rel="nofollow">[9]</a> may also have taken some responsibility for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_control" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_control" rel="nofollow">fire control</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumvirate#cite_note-10" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumvirate#cite_note-10" rel="nofollow">[10]</a> The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumviri_monetalis" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumviri_monetalis" rel="nofollow">triumviri monetalis</a> ("triumviri of the temple of Juno the Advisor" or "monetary triumvirs") supervised the issuing of Roman coins.</p><p><br /></p><p>Three-man commissions were also appointed for purposes such as establishing <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_colony" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_colony" rel="nofollow">colonies</a> (<i>triumviri coloniae deducendae</i>) or distributing land.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumvirate#cite_note-11" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumvirate#cite_note-11" rel="nofollow">[11]</a> <i>Triumviri mensarii</i> served as public bankers;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumvirate#cite_note-12" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumvirate#cite_note-12" rel="nofollow">[12]</a> the full range of their financial functions in 216 BC, when the commission included two men of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_consul" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_consul" rel="nofollow">consular rank</a>, has been the subject of debate.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumvirate#cite_note-13" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumvirate#cite_note-13" rel="nofollow">[13]</a> Another form of three-man commission was the <i>tresviri epulones</i>, who were in charge of organizing public feasts on holidays. This commission was created in 196 BC by a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribune" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribune" rel="nofollow">tribunician law</a> on behalf of the people, and their number was later increased to seven (<i>septemviri epulones</i>).<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumvirate#cite_note-14" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumvirate#cite_note-14" rel="nofollow">[14]</a></p><p><br /></p><p>The term is most commonly used by historians to refer to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Triumvirate" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Triumvirate" rel="nofollow">First Triumvirate</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" rel="nofollow">Julius Caesar</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Licinius_Crassus" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Licinius_Crassus" rel="nofollow">Marcus Licinius Crassus</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pompey_the_Great" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pompey_the_Great" rel="nofollow">Pompey the Great</a>, and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Triumvirate" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Triumvirate" rel="nofollow">Second Triumvirate</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus" rel="nofollow">Octavianus</a> (later Caesar Augustus), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Antony" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Antony" rel="nofollow">Mark Antony</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Aemilius_Lepidus_(triumvir)" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Aemilius_Lepidus_(triumvir)" rel="nofollow">Marcus Aemilius Lepidus</a>.</p><p><br /></p><p>The <b>Second Triumvirate</b> was the political alliance between three of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Republic" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Republic" rel="nofollow">Roman Republic</a>'s most powerful figures: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus" rel="nofollow">Octavian</a> (the future <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_emperor" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_emperor" rel="nofollow">emperor</a> Augustus), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Antony" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Antony" rel="nofollow">Mark Antony</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepidus_(triumvir)" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepidus_(triumvir)" rel="nofollow">Lepidus</a>. Formally called the <b>Triumvirate for Organizing the Republic</b> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_language" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_language" rel="nofollow">Latin</a>: <i>tresviri rei publicae constituendae</i>),<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Triumvirate#cite_note-2" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Triumvirate#cite_note-2" rel="nofollow">[2]</a> it was formed on 27 November 43 BC with the enactment of the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lex_Titia" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lex_Titia" rel="nofollow">Lex Titia</a></i>, and existed for two five-year terms, covering the period until 33 BC. Unlike the earlier <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Triumvirate" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Triumvirate" rel="nofollow">First Triumvirate</a> (between <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" rel="nofollow">Julius Caesar</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pompey" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pompey" rel="nofollow">Pompey</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crassus" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crassus" rel="nofollow">Crassus</a>),<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Triumvirate#cite_note-3" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Triumvirate#cite_note-3" rel="nofollow">[3]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Triumvirate#cite_note-4" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Triumvirate#cite_note-4" rel="nofollow">[4]</a> the Second Triumvirate was an official, legally established institution, whose overwhelming power in the Roman state was given full legal sanction and whose <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperium" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperium" rel="nofollow">imperium maius</a></i> outranked that of all other <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_magistrate" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_magistrate" rel="nofollow">magistrates</a>, including the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_consul" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_consul" rel="nofollow">consuls</a>. information wiki</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1256485[/ATTACH]</p><p>green is antony[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="ro1974, post: 6448325, member: 73358"]In my Collection The Triumvirs. Mark Antony. Summer 32 BC. AR Denarius (19.5mm, 3.54 g, 3h). Athens mint. Bare head right; / ANTONIVS/AVG • IMP • III in two lines[ATTACH=full]1256476[/ATTACH] [ATTACH=full]1256477[/ATTACH] Originally, [I]triumviri[/I] were special commissions of three men appointed for specific administrative tasks apart from the regular duties of [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_magistrates']Roman magistrates[/URL]. The [I]triumviri capitales[/I], for instance, oversaw prisons and executions, along with other functions that, as [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Lintott']Andrew Lintott[/URL] notes, show them to have been "a mixture of police superintendents and justices of the peace."[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumvirate#cite_note-7'][7][/URL] The [I]capitales[/I] were first established around 290 to 287 BC.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumvirate#cite_note-8'][8][/URL] They were supervised by the [I][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praetor#Praetor_urbanus']praetor urbanus[/URL][/I]. These [I]triumviri[/I], or the [I]tresviri nocturni[/I],[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumvirate#cite_note-9'][9][/URL] may also have taken some responsibility for [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_control']fire control[/URL].[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumvirate#cite_note-10'][10][/URL] The [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumviri_monetalis']triumviri monetalis[/URL] ("triumviri of the temple of Juno the Advisor" or "monetary triumvirs") supervised the issuing of Roman coins. Three-man commissions were also appointed for purposes such as establishing [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_colony']colonies[/URL] ([I]triumviri coloniae deducendae[/I]) or distributing land.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumvirate#cite_note-11'][11][/URL] [I]Triumviri mensarii[/I] served as public bankers;[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumvirate#cite_note-12'][12][/URL] the full range of their financial functions in 216 BC, when the commission included two men of [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_consul']consular rank[/URL], has been the subject of debate.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumvirate#cite_note-13'][13][/URL] Another form of three-man commission was the [I]tresviri epulones[/I], who were in charge of organizing public feasts on holidays. This commission was created in 196 BC by a [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribune']tribunician law[/URL] on behalf of the people, and their number was later increased to seven ([I]septemviri epulones[/I]).[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumvirate#cite_note-14'][14][/URL] The term is most commonly used by historians to refer to the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Triumvirate']First Triumvirate[/URL] of [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar']Julius Caesar[/URL], [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Licinius_Crassus']Marcus Licinius Crassus[/URL], and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pompey_the_Great']Pompey the Great[/URL], and the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Triumvirate']Second Triumvirate[/URL] of [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus']Octavianus[/URL] (later Caesar Augustus), [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Antony']Mark Antony[/URL], and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Aemilius_Lepidus_(triumvir)']Marcus Aemilius Lepidus[/URL]. The [B]Second Triumvirate[/B] was the political alliance between three of the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Republic']Roman Republic[/URL]'s most powerful figures: [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus']Octavian[/URL] (the future [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_emperor']emperor[/URL] Augustus), [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Antony']Mark Antony[/URL], and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepidus_(triumvir)']Lepidus[/URL]. Formally called the [B]Triumvirate for Organizing the Republic[/B] ([URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_language']Latin[/URL]: [I]tresviri rei publicae constituendae[/I]),[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Triumvirate#cite_note-2'][2][/URL] it was formed on 27 November 43 BC with the enactment of the [I][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lex_Titia']Lex Titia[/URL][/I], and existed for two five-year terms, covering the period until 33 BC. Unlike the earlier [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Triumvirate']First Triumvirate[/URL] (between [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar']Julius Caesar[/URL], [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pompey']Pompey[/URL] and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crassus']Crassus[/URL]),[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Triumvirate#cite_note-3'][3][/URL][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Triumvirate#cite_note-4'][4][/URL] the Second Triumvirate was an official, legally established institution, whose overwhelming power in the Roman state was given full legal sanction and whose [I][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperium']imperium maius[/URL][/I] outranked that of all other [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_magistrate']magistrates[/URL], including the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_consul']consuls[/URL]. information wiki [ATTACH=full]1256485[/ATTACH] green is antony[/QUOTE]
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