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<p>[QUOTE="Alegandron, post: 4997852, member: 51347"]REGULUS</p><p><br /></p><p>This Denarius is a mystery as to whom is depicted, but the Family Name of REGULUS always reminded me of the Consul during the First Punic War...</p><p><br /></p><p>WIKIPEDIA:</p><p>Regulus first became consul in 267 BC, when he fought the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messapians" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messapians" rel="nofollow">Messapians</a>. Elected as a consul again in 256 BC, he served as a general in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Punic_War" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Punic_War" rel="nofollow">First Punic War</a> (256 BC), where he defeated the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carthaginians" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carthaginians" rel="nofollow">Carthaginians</a> in a naval battle at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Ecnomus" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Ecnomus" rel="nofollow">Cape Ecnomus</a> near <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicily" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicily" rel="nofollow">Sicily</a> and invaded <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Africa" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Africa" rel="nofollow">North Africa</a>, winning victories at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Aspis" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Aspis" rel="nofollow">Aspis</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Adys" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Adys" rel="nofollow">Adys</a>, until he was defeated and captured at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tunis" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tunis" rel="nofollow">Tunis</a> in 255 BC. After he was released on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parole" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parole" rel="nofollow">parole</a> to negotiate a peace, he is supposed to have urged the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Senate" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Senate" rel="nofollow">Roman Senate</a> to refuse the proposals and then, over the protests of his own people, to have fulfilled the terms of his parole rather than break his word by returning to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" rel="nofollow">Carthage</a>, where, according to Roman tradition and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livy" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livy" rel="nofollow">Livy</a>, he was tortured to death. In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertullian" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertullian" rel="nofollow">Tertullian</a>'s "To the Martyrs" (Chapter 4) and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" rel="nofollow">Augustine of Hippo</a>'s <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_God_(book)" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_God_(book)" rel="nofollow">The City of God</a></i> (I.15), it is said the Carthaginians "packed him into a tight wooden box, spiked with sharp nails on all sides so that he could not lean in any direction without being pierced."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Atilius_Regulus_(consul_267_BC)#cite_note-2" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Atilius_Regulus_(consul_267_BC)#cite_note-2" rel="nofollow">[2]</a> However, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybius" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybius" rel="nofollow">Polybius</a> does not mention it, while <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodorus" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodorus" rel="nofollow">Diodorus</a> (a writer hostile to the Carthaginians) implies he died from natural causes.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Atilius_Regulus_(consul_267_BC)#cite_note-3" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Atilius_Regulus_(consul_267_BC)#cite_note-3" rel="nofollow">[3]</a> He was posthumously seen by the Romans as a model of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civic_virtue" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civic_virtue" rel="nofollow">civic virtue</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Atilius_Regulus_(consul_267_BC)#cite_note-eb-1" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Atilius_Regulus_(consul_267_BC)#cite_note-eb-1" rel="nofollow">[1]</a></p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1199909[/ATTACH]</p><p>RR </p><p>L Livineius Regulus </p><p>AR Denarius </p><p>42 BCE 3.8g 19mm </p><p>Regulus' Praetor father(?) bust - </p><p>Gladiators in Arena </p><p>Cr 494-30 Syd 1112 Sear 489[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="Alegandron, post: 4997852, member: 51347"]REGULUS This Denarius is a mystery as to whom is depicted, but the Family Name of REGULUS always reminded me of the Consul during the First Punic War... WIKIPEDIA: Regulus first became consul in 267 BC, when he fought the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messapians']Messapians[/URL]. Elected as a consul again in 256 BC, he served as a general in the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Punic_War']First Punic War[/URL] (256 BC), where he defeated the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carthaginians']Carthaginians[/URL] in a naval battle at [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Ecnomus']Cape Ecnomus[/URL] near [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicily']Sicily[/URL] and invaded [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Africa']North Africa[/URL], winning victories at [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Aspis']Aspis[/URL] and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Adys']Adys[/URL], until he was defeated and captured at [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tunis']Tunis[/URL] in 255 BC. After he was released on [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parole']parole[/URL] to negotiate a peace, he is supposed to have urged the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Senate']Roman Senate[/URL] to refuse the proposals and then, over the protests of his own people, to have fulfilled the terms of his parole rather than break his word by returning to [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Carthage']Carthage[/URL], where, according to Roman tradition and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livy']Livy[/URL], he was tortured to death. In [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertullian']Tertullian[/URL]'s "To the Martyrs" (Chapter 4) and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo']Augustine of Hippo[/URL]'s [I][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_God_(book)']The City of God[/URL][/I] (I.15), it is said the Carthaginians "packed him into a tight wooden box, spiked with sharp nails on all sides so that he could not lean in any direction without being pierced."[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Atilius_Regulus_(consul_267_BC)#cite_note-2'][2][/URL] However, [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybius']Polybius[/URL] does not mention it, while [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodorus']Diodorus[/URL] (a writer hostile to the Carthaginians) implies he died from natural causes.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Atilius_Regulus_(consul_267_BC)#cite_note-3'][3][/URL] He was posthumously seen by the Romans as a model of [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civic_virtue']civic virtue[/URL].[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Atilius_Regulus_(consul_267_BC)#cite_note-eb-1'][1][/URL] [ATTACH=full]1199909[/ATTACH] RR L Livineius Regulus AR Denarius 42 BCE 3.8g 19mm Regulus' Praetor father(?) bust - Gladiators in Arena Cr 494-30 Syd 1112 Sear 489[/QUOTE]
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