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<p>[QUOTE="Alegandron, post: 7749382, member: 51347"]<font size="6"><b>Tuscan order</b></font></p><p>From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuscan_order#mw-head" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuscan_order#mw-head" rel="nofollow">Jump to navigation</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuscan_order#searchInput" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuscan_order#searchInput" rel="nofollow">Jump to search</a></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Regola_delli_cinqve_ordini_d%27architettvra_(1563)_(14778998914).jpg" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Regola_delli_cinqve_ordini_d%27architettvra_(1563)_(14778998914).jpg" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Regola_delli_cinqve_ordini_d%27architettvra_%281563%29_%2814778998914%29.jpg/220px-Regola_delli_cinqve_ordini_d%27architettvra_%281563%29_%2814778998914%29.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></a></p><p>The Tuscan order illustrated in <i>Regola delli cinqve ordini d'architettvra</i> (1563), by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacopo_Barozzi_da_Vignola" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacopo_Barozzi_da_Vignola" rel="nofollow">Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola</a></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vignolafiveorders.jpg" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vignolafiveorders.jpg" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Vignolafiveorders.jpg/220px-Vignolafiveorders.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></a></p><p>The five orders, engraving from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giacomo_Barozzi_da_Vignola" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giacomo_Barozzi_da_Vignola" rel="nofollow">Vignola</a>'s <i>Regola delli cinque ordini d'architettura</i>, 1562; Tuscan on the left.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:St._Paul%27s_Church,_Covent_Garden,_London.jpg" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:St._Paul%27s_Church,_Covent_Garden,_London.jpg" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/St._Paul%27s_Church%2C_Covent_Garden%2C_London.jpg/220px-St._Paul%27s_Church%2C_Covent_Garden%2C_London.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></a></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Paul%27s,_Covent_Garden" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Paul%27s,_Covent_Garden" rel="nofollow">St Paul's, Covent Garden</a> by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inigo_Jones" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inigo_Jones" rel="nofollow">Inigo Jones</a> (1633), "the handsomest barn in England"</p><p>The <b>Tuscan order</b> (Latin <i>Ordo Tuscanicus</i> or <i>Ordo Tuscanus</i>, with the meaning of <b>Etruscan order</b>) is one of the two classical orders developed by the Romans, the other being the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_order" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_order" rel="nofollow">composite order</a>. It is influenced by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doric_order" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doric_order" rel="nofollow">Doric order</a>, but with un-fluted columns and a simpler <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entablature" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entablature" rel="nofollow">entablature</a> with no <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triglyph" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triglyph" rel="nofollow">triglyphs</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guttae" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guttae" rel="nofollow">guttae</a>. While relatively simple columns with round capitals had been part of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernacular_architecture" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernacular_architecture" rel="nofollow">vernacular architecture</a> of Italy and much of Europe since at least <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_architecture" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_architecture" rel="nofollow">Etruscan architecture</a>, the Romans did not consider this style to be a distinct <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_order" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_order" rel="nofollow">architectural order</a> (for example, the Roman architect <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitruvius" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitruvius" rel="nofollow">Vitruvius</a> did not include it alongside his descriptions of the Greek <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doric_order" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doric_order" rel="nofollow">Doric</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_order" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_order" rel="nofollow">Ionic</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corinthian_order" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corinthian_order" rel="nofollow">Corinthian</a> orders). Its classification as a separate formal order is first mentioned in Isidore of Seville's <i>Etymologies</i> and refined during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" rel="nofollow">Italian Renaissance</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuscan_order#cite_note-1" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuscan_order#cite_note-1" rel="nofollow">[1]</a></p><p><br /></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebastiano_Serlio" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebastiano_Serlio" rel="nofollow">Sebastiano Serlio</a> described five orders including a "Tuscan order", "the solidest and least ornate", in his fourth book<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuscan_order#cite_note-2" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuscan_order#cite_note-2" rel="nofollow">[2]</a> of <i>Regole generali di architettura sopra le cinque maniere de gli edifici</i> (1537). Though <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fra_Giocondo" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fra_Giocondo" rel="nofollow">Fra Giocondo</a> had attempted a first illustration of a Tuscan capital in his printed edition of Vitruvius (1511), he showed the capital with an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_and_dart" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_and_dart" rel="nofollow">egg and dart</a> enrichment that belonged to the Ionic. The "most rustic" Tuscan order of Serlio was later carefully delineated by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Palladio" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Palladio" rel="nofollow">Andrea Palladio</a>.</p><p><br /></p><p>In its simplicity, the Tuscan order is seen as similar to the Doric order, and yet in its overall proportions, intercolumniation and simpler entablature, it follows the ratios of the Ionic. This strong order was considered most appropriate in military architecture and in docks and warehouses when they were dignified by architectural treatment. Serlio found it "suitable to fortified places, such as city gates, fortresses, castles, treasuries, or where artillery and ammunition are kept, prisons, seaports and other similar structures used in war."</p><p><br /></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuscan_order" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuscan_order" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuscan_order</a></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1326722[/ATTACH]</p><p>RR Volteius 78 BCE AR Den Jupiter Temple S 312 Cr 385-1</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1326724[/ATTACH][/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="Alegandron, post: 7749382, member: 51347"][SIZE=6][B]Tuscan order[/B][/SIZE] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuscan_order#mw-head']Jump to navigation[/URL][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuscan_order#searchInput']Jump to search[/URL] [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Regola_delli_cinqve_ordini_d%27architettvra_(1563)_(14778998914).jpg'][IMG]https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Regola_delli_cinqve_ordini_d%27architettvra_%281563%29_%2814778998914%29.jpg/220px-Regola_delli_cinqve_ordini_d%27architettvra_%281563%29_%2814778998914%29.jpg[/IMG][/URL] The Tuscan order illustrated in [I]Regola delli cinqve ordini d'architettvra[/I] (1563), by [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacopo_Barozzi_da_Vignola']Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola[/URL] [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vignolafiveorders.jpg'][IMG]https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Vignolafiveorders.jpg/220px-Vignolafiveorders.jpg[/IMG][/URL] The five orders, engraving from [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giacomo_Barozzi_da_Vignola']Vignola[/URL]'s [I]Regola delli cinque ordini d'architettura[/I], 1562; Tuscan on the left. [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:St._Paul%27s_Church,_Covent_Garden,_London.jpg'][IMG]https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/St._Paul%27s_Church%2C_Covent_Garden%2C_London.jpg/220px-St._Paul%27s_Church%2C_Covent_Garden%2C_London.jpg[/IMG][/URL] [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Paul%27s,_Covent_Garden']St Paul's, Covent Garden[/URL] by [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inigo_Jones']Inigo Jones[/URL] (1633), "the handsomest barn in England" The [B]Tuscan order[/B] (Latin [I]Ordo Tuscanicus[/I] or [I]Ordo Tuscanus[/I], with the meaning of [B]Etruscan order[/B]) is one of the two classical orders developed by the Romans, the other being the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_order']composite order[/URL]. It is influenced by the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doric_order']Doric order[/URL], but with un-fluted columns and a simpler [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entablature']entablature[/URL] with no [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triglyph']triglyphs[/URL] or [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guttae']guttae[/URL]. While relatively simple columns with round capitals had been part of the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernacular_architecture']vernacular architecture[/URL] of Italy and much of Europe since at least [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_architecture']Etruscan architecture[/URL], the Romans did not consider this style to be a distinct [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_order']architectural order[/URL] (for example, the Roman architect [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitruvius']Vitruvius[/URL] did not include it alongside his descriptions of the Greek [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doric_order']Doric[/URL], [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_order']Ionic[/URL], and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corinthian_order']Corinthian[/URL] orders). Its classification as a separate formal order is first mentioned in Isidore of Seville's [I]Etymologies[/I] and refined during the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Renaissance']Italian Renaissance[/URL].[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuscan_order#cite_note-1'][1][/URL] [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebastiano_Serlio']Sebastiano Serlio[/URL] described five orders including a "Tuscan order", "the solidest and least ornate", in his fourth book[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuscan_order#cite_note-2'][2][/URL] of [I]Regole generali di architettura sopra le cinque maniere de gli edifici[/I] (1537). Though [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fra_Giocondo']Fra Giocondo[/URL] had attempted a first illustration of a Tuscan capital in his printed edition of Vitruvius (1511), he showed the capital with an [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_and_dart']egg and dart[/URL] enrichment that belonged to the Ionic. The "most rustic" Tuscan order of Serlio was later carefully delineated by [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Palladio']Andrea Palladio[/URL]. In its simplicity, the Tuscan order is seen as similar to the Doric order, and yet in its overall proportions, intercolumniation and simpler entablature, it follows the ratios of the Ionic. This strong order was considered most appropriate in military architecture and in docks and warehouses when they were dignified by architectural treatment. Serlio found it "suitable to fortified places, such as city gates, fortresses, castles, treasuries, or where artillery and ammunition are kept, prisons, seaports and other similar structures used in war." [URL]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuscan_order[/URL] [ATTACH=full]1326722[/ATTACH] RR Volteius 78 BCE AR Den Jupiter Temple S 312 Cr 385-1 [ATTACH=full]1326724[/ATTACH][/QUOTE]
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