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<p>[QUOTE="Roman Collector, post: 3330071, member: 75937"]Hoards from Britain reveal Julia Domna's most common reverse types minted between AD 196 and 211 were VENVS FELIX, PIETAS PVBLICA, and VESTA SANCTA. Most of the goddesses depicted on the reverses of the empress's coins bespeak family and fertility, but PIETAS PVBLICA stands out as an important exception. As Julie Langford notes,[1] the empress's <i>pietas</i> -- her devotion to family, state, and gods -- takes on a particularly public quality with this type, which depicts the empress as Pietas raising her arms and hands in an attitude of prayer over a lit altar. The adjective <i>publica</i> undoubtedly suggests that Domna's piety was somehow involved in the preservation of the empire, the<i> res publica</i>.</p><p><br /></p><p>Domna's piety was of special concern to the citizenry towards the end of Severus's life. Langford postulates this reverse type was issued to soothe anxieties caused by her contentious sons, Caracalla and Geta.[2] Although Hill[3] assigns this coin to issue 16, AD 203, when Caracalla was Augustus alongside Septimius Severus and Geta was Caesar, the dates Hill ascribes to the various issues are taken with considerable skepticism by Curtis Clay and by the curators of the British Museum collection. The British Museum rightfully acknowledges uncertainty about the timing of this issue and <a href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=1208065&partId=1&searchText=Domna+69&page=1" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=1208065&partId=1&searchText=Domna+69&page=1" rel="nofollow">dates it to AD 196-211</a> for the issue of Rome[4] and <a href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=1207466&partId=1&searchText=Domna+612&page=1" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=1207466&partId=1&searchText=Domna+612&page=1" rel="nofollow">to AD 196-202 (or later)</a> for the issue of Antioch.[5] Were this coin to have been issued after AD 209, when Geta was elevated to Augustus alongside his brother, Langford's hypothesis would seem particularly applicable.</p><p><br /></p><p>This reverse type was only used on the denarius denomination and was struck at two mints, Rome and Antioch (formerly attributed to Laodicea; see <a href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/domna-denarius-minted-in-antioch-what-happened-to-the-laodicea-theory.324625/" class="internalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/domna-denarius-minted-in-antioch-what-happened-to-the-laodicea-theory.324625/">this discussion</a> for more details).</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]882312[/ATTACH]Julia Domna, AD 193-217.</p><p>Roman AR denarius, 3.35 g, 19.5 mm, 7h.</p><p>Rome, AD 196-211.</p><p>Obv: IVLIA AVGVSTA, bare-headed and draped bust, right.</p><p>Rev: PIETAS PVBLICA, Pietas, veiled and draped, standing left, both hands raised in prayer; at her feet, garlanded and lighted altar.</p><p>Refs: RIC 574; BMCRE 69ff.; Cohen 156; RCV 6601; CRE 380; ERIC II 122.</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]882315[/ATTACH]</p><p>Julia Domna, AD 193-217.</p><p>Roman AR denarius, 3.45 g, 19.3 mm, 6h.</p><p>Antioch (formerly attributed to Laodicea), AD 196-202 (or later).</p><p>Obv: IVLIA AVGVSTA, bare-headed and draped bust, right.</p><p>Rev: PIETAS PVBLICA, Pietas, veiled and draped, standing left, both hands raised in prayer; at her feet, garlanded and lighted altar.</p><p>Refs: RIC 643; BMCRE 612; Cohen 156; RCV --; CRE 381; ERIC II 121.</p><p><br /></p><p>Post your <i>Pietas</i> coins, comments, or anything you feel is relevant!</p><p><br /></p><p>~~~</p><p><br /></p><p>1. Langford, Julie. <i>Maternal Megalomania: Julia Domna and the Imperial Politics of Motherhood</i>. Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 2013, p. 46.</p><p>2. ibid, p. 46.</p><p>3. Hill, Philip V. <i>The Coinage of Septimius Severus and His Family of the Mint of Rome, A.D. 193-217</i>. Spink and Son Ltd., 1977, p. 21.</p><p>4. “Coin.” <i>British Museum</i>, <a href="http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=1208065&partId=1&searchText=Domna%2B69&page=1" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=1208065&partId=1&searchText=Domna%2B69&page=1" rel="nofollow">www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=1208065&partId=1&searchText=Domna%2B69&page=1</a>. Accessed 26 January, 2019.</p><p>5. “Coin.” <i>British Museum</i>, <a href="http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=1207466&partId=1&searchText=Domna+612&page=1" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=1207466&partId=1&searchText=Domna+612&page=1" rel="nofollow">www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=1207466&partId=1&searchText=Domna+612&page=1</a>. Accessed 26 January, 2019.[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="Roman Collector, post: 3330071, member: 75937"]Hoards from Britain reveal Julia Domna's most common reverse types minted between AD 196 and 211 were VENVS FELIX, PIETAS PVBLICA, and VESTA SANCTA. Most of the goddesses depicted on the reverses of the empress's coins bespeak family and fertility, but PIETAS PVBLICA stands out as an important exception. As Julie Langford notes,[1] the empress's [I]pietas[/I] -- her devotion to family, state, and gods -- takes on a particularly public quality with this type, which depicts the empress as Pietas raising her arms and hands in an attitude of prayer over a lit altar. The adjective [I]publica[/I] undoubtedly suggests that Domna's piety was somehow involved in the preservation of the empire, the[I] res publica[/I]. Domna's piety was of special concern to the citizenry towards the end of Severus's life. Langford postulates this reverse type was issued to soothe anxieties caused by her contentious sons, Caracalla and Geta.[2] Although Hill[3] assigns this coin to issue 16, AD 203, when Caracalla was Augustus alongside Septimius Severus and Geta was Caesar, the dates Hill ascribes to the various issues are taken with considerable skepticism by Curtis Clay and by the curators of the British Museum collection. The British Museum rightfully acknowledges uncertainty about the timing of this issue and [URL='https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=1208065&partId=1&searchText=Domna+69&page=1']dates it to AD 196-211[/URL] for the issue of Rome[4] and [URL='https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=1207466&partId=1&searchText=Domna+612&page=1']to AD 196-202 (or later)[/URL] for the issue of Antioch.[5] Were this coin to have been issued after AD 209, when Geta was elevated to Augustus alongside his brother, Langford's hypothesis would seem particularly applicable. This reverse type was only used on the denarius denomination and was struck at two mints, Rome and Antioch (formerly attributed to Laodicea; see [URL='https://www.cointalk.com/threads/domna-denarius-minted-in-antioch-what-happened-to-the-laodicea-theory.324625/']this discussion[/URL] for more details). [ATTACH=full]882312[/ATTACH]Julia Domna, AD 193-217. Roman AR denarius, 3.35 g, 19.5 mm, 7h. Rome, AD 196-211. Obv: IVLIA AVGVSTA, bare-headed and draped bust, right. Rev: PIETAS PVBLICA, Pietas, veiled and draped, standing left, both hands raised in prayer; at her feet, garlanded and lighted altar. Refs: RIC 574; BMCRE 69ff.; Cohen 156; RCV 6601; CRE 380; ERIC II 122. [ATTACH=full]882315[/ATTACH] Julia Domna, AD 193-217. Roman AR denarius, 3.45 g, 19.3 mm, 6h. Antioch (formerly attributed to Laodicea), AD 196-202 (or later). Obv: IVLIA AVGVSTA, bare-headed and draped bust, right. Rev: PIETAS PVBLICA, Pietas, veiled and draped, standing left, both hands raised in prayer; at her feet, garlanded and lighted altar. Refs: RIC 643; BMCRE 612; Cohen 156; RCV --; CRE 381; ERIC II 121. Post your [I]Pietas[/I] coins, comments, or anything you feel is relevant! ~~~ 1. Langford, Julie. [I]Maternal Megalomania: Julia Domna and the Imperial Politics of Motherhood[/I]. Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 2013, p. 46. 2. ibid, p. 46. 3. Hill, Philip V. [I]The Coinage of Septimius Severus and His Family of the Mint of Rome, A.D. 193-217[/I]. Spink and Son Ltd., 1977, p. 21. 4. “Coin.” [I]British Museum[/I], [URL='http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=1208065&partId=1&searchText=Domna%2B69&page=1']www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=1208065&partId=1&searchText=Domna%2B69&page=1[/URL]. Accessed 26 January, 2019. 5. “Coin.” [I]British Museum[/I], [URL='http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=1207466&partId=1&searchText=Domna+612&page=1']www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=1207466&partId=1&searchText=Domna+612&page=1[/URL]. Accessed 26 January, 2019.[/QUOTE]
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