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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;cmezner, post: 7362608, member: 87809&quot;]Since I find the topic of the decline absolutely fascinating, I am trying to expand my collection with denarii minted by moneyers who played a role between the years 90 BC and the rise of the Roman Empire.</p><p>Today I received several denarii that I bought at mrbcoins (Marc Breitsprecher).</p><p><br /></p><p>The moneyer for this denarius was Manius Acilius Glabrio. When Glabrio was serving as a praetor in 70 BC, he presided over the trial of Verres. In 67 BC he was consul together with Gaius Calpurnius Piso. The two consuls proposed the Lex Acilia Calpurnia against bribery during canvassing for elections.</p><p>Acilius Glabrio was one of those who declared in favor of capital punishment for the Catilinarian conspirators.</p><p><br /></p><p>Catilinas plan was to have his enemies in the Senate murdered. A young Senator, Gaius Cethegus was to organize the murder. One of the conspirators was Quintus Curius from an aristocrat family, who was expelled from the senate because of his scandalous behavior. He told his lover, Fulvia, that soon he would have available a lot of money and told her about the conspiracy. Fulvia, who didn’t give much credibility to Curius promises, thought she would be rewarded (which she was) by sharing her knowledge with Consul Cicero. In this way, Cicero had knowledge about the conspiracy, but he had also knowledge through his agents, and informed the Senate in October 71 BC.</p><p>In the night form November 6, 71 BC Catilina called the conspirators to a meeting, because they knew that their plans were known by the authorities. They decided that on November 7, Cicero should be murdered by Publius Cornelius Lentulus Sura (consul in 71 BC) and Gaius Cethegus. When they arrived at Cicero’s house there were increased security measures in place and they could not proceed. Cicero called in the Senate and presented his first Catilinarian speech. Catilina and Gaius Manlius were declared “enemies of the homeland”. At first nothing was undertaken against the other leaders of the conspiracy who had remained in Rome. Then happened the episode with the Allobroges, a Celt tribe in today’s southeast France, episode that ended with the Senate ordering a thanksgiving celebration for Cicero and asking him to present the results of the conspirators’ interrogations and decisions. Cicero gave his third Catilinarian speech exactly on the Bona Dea day, December 3, 63 BC. On December 4, he called-in the Senate to reach a decision regarding the punishment of the conspirators. Cicero had the right, even the obligation, to intervene without further consultation with the Senate when the security of the state was at stake. But Cicero was not a man of action, and he needed support for the death sentence of the conspirators. On the other hand, the senate was unsure, and the senators were less numerous than in the previous sessions; obviously many didn’t want to be present when the fate of one of their kind was to be decided. The first one to speak was Decimus Junius Silanus who asked for the death penalty. But then Gaius Julius Caesar addressed the assembly and in a masterly speech, passed down to us by Sallust, that according to the “Laws of the venerable Republic” and its restrained moderation, he demanded to convict the guilty to prison in different cities in Italy and to confiscate their fortune. Two additional great speeches have come down to us: the fourth Catilinarian speech by Cicero and the speech by Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger). It is not known in which order these speeches were made. Cicero demanded the guilty verdict from the Senate. Cato’s speech was decisive for the verdict and probably for the development and crises of the Republic during the next decades. By the way, this was the first stenographic record that we know of, because Cicero had hired the best writers to register the speech. Cato&#039;s answer to the about seven years older Caesar was cold-blooded and even harsh: “I have a completely different opinion …” Longe mihi alia mens est … [C. Sallusti Crispi Bellum Catilinae]). Cato warns against the beautiful words Caesar’s and demands the death penalty in the way of their ancestors, which is: flogged and decapitated, and the Senate decides for this punishment.</p><p>Lentulus, Cethegus, Statilius, Gabinius, Caeparius were executed. Cicero stayed at the entrance of the Tulianum until the executions were over, and then stepping forward exclaimed “Vixerunt” (They have lived)</p><p>After suppressing the conspiracy, the other accomplices were put on trial. Most of the sentences of the trials were exile and confiscation, but not the death penalty. Among those convicted were: Gaius Cornelius Cethegus, Lucius Varguntejus, Marcus Porcius Laeca, Antonius Paeta and Servius Sulla.</p><p><br /></p><p>Denarius, Rome, 50-49 BC; moneyer Manius Acilius Glabrio</p><p>3.77 g, 17.51 mm</p><p>Crawford 442/1a; RSC Acilia 8; Sydenham 922; BMCRR I Rome 3943, SRCV I 412;</p><p><br /></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Ob.: legend (SALVTIS) behind head (off flan); laureate head of Salus to r. wearing necklace (off-flan) and earring. Border of dots.</p><p>Rev.: MN•ACILIVS - III•VIR•VALETV, MN and TV ligatured; Valetudo standing l., resting l. elbow on column and holding a sacred snake in r. hand apparently gazing into its eyes. Border of dots.</p><p><br /></p><p>It is off-center; nevertheless in my eyes the head of Salus is lovely and it is a coin from the time I was talking about before <img src="styles/default/xenforo/clear.png" class="mceSmilieSprite mceSmilie1" alt=":)" unselectable="on" unselectable="on" /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1283243[/ATTACH][/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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