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<p>[QUOTE="Pavlos, post: 4703831, member: 96635"]Historically the name of Galatia was derived from the Gauls who invaded central Asia Minor in the third century BC, and established an independent kingdom centered around the cities of Pessinus, Ancyra and Tavium. There were three Galatian tribes: Trocmii, Tectosages and Tolistobogii.</p><p><br /></p><p><img src="https://i.imgur.com/cHeXPmd.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></p><p><br /></p><p>The constitution of the Galatian state is described by Strabo: Eeach tribe was divided into cantons, governed by a Tetrarch with a judge under him, whose powers were unlimited except in cases of murder, which were tried before a council of 300 drawn from the twelve cantons and meeting at a holy place, twenty miles south-west of Ancyra.</p><p><br /></p><p>These Galatians were warriors, respected by Greeks and Romans and were often hired as mercenary soldiers. At the beginning of the Mithridatic Wars the Galatians had supported the Pontic King Mithridates VI against Rome. However, after defeat at the Battle of Chaeornea in 86 BC Mithridates began to suspect treachery even in his closest allies.</p><p>The Galatian leaders were invited to a feast by one of Mithridates commanders, where they, along with their wives and children, were massacred:</p><p><br /></p><p><i>“First, he put to death the tetrarchs of Galatia with their wives and children, not only those who were united with him as friends, but those who were not his subjects – all except three who escaped” .</i>(Appian, <i><a href="http://perseus.uchicago.edu/perseus-cgi/citequery3.pl?dbname=GreekFeb2011&query=App.%20Mith.&getid=0" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://perseus.uchicago.edu/perseus-cgi/citequery3.pl?dbname=GreekFeb2011&query=App.%20Mith.&getid=0" rel="nofollow">The Mithridatic Wars</a></i> 46)</p><p><br /></p><p>The murder of the Galatian chieftains was proven to be a fatal error for Mithridates, and provoked backlash from the Galatians. One of the Galatian leaders, Deiotaros (the ‘Divine Bull’), raised an army from the country, expelled him and his garrisons, and drove them out of Galatia.</p><p><br /></p><p>The Roman general Lucullus had been on the verge of suspending the war with Mithridates because of a lack of supplies for his army. However, the Galatians were now willing to help Rome and Lucullus: <i>“30,000 Galatians followed in his train, each carrying a bushel of grain upon his shoulders” </i>(Plutarch Life of Lucullus 14).</p><p><br /></p><p>As reward Deiotaros was made king of Galatia in 64 BC by Pompey after the war and this is how the Kingdom of Galatia was created. Deiotaros ruled Galatia until his death in 40 BC.</p><p>Amyntas was a secretary to King Deiotaros and served as a cavalry commander in the Roman army of Brutus and Cassius during the civil war.</p><p>However, Amyntas switched sides just before the Battle of Philippi in 42 BC and joined Mark Antony against Brutus. After the war, he was made the King of Galatia by Antony.</p><p><br /></p><p><img src="https://i.imgur.com/1CopxgL.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></p><p><b>Kings of Galatia. Amyntas. AE Dichalkon. 39-25 BC.</b></p><p><b>Obverse:</b> Draped bust of Artemis to right with bow and quiver over her shoulder.</p><p><b>Reverse:</b> ΒAΣIΛEΩΣ - AMYNTOY Stag standing right.</p><p><b>Reference:</b> HGC 7, 784. SNG Paris 2365-2370.</p><p>3.86g; 18mm</p><p><br /></p><p>The above example shows Artemis portrayed with the features of Cleopatra VII of Egypt, apparently as a sign of deference to Antony and the Egyptian queen.</p><p><br /></p><p>During the war between Mark Antony and Octavian, Amyntas deserted Mark Antony and went to Octavian's side before the battle of Actium in 31 BC. For his loyalty to Octavian, Amyntas was allowed to rule his kingdom until his death in 25 BC. Afterwards, Octavian made his kingdom into the Roman province of Galatia.</p><p><br /></p><p><img src="https://i.imgur.com/SBgUIrS.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></p><p><b>Kings of Galatia. Amyntas. AE Bronze. 39-25 BC.</b></p><p><b>Obverse:</b> Head of bearded Herakles to right with club over his shoulder; behind E, C.</p><p><b>Reverse:</b> Lion walking to right with open jaws; B above, monogram of Amyntas in the exergue.</p><p><b>Reference:</b> SNG France 2378. RPC I 3505.</p><p>12.34g</p><p><br /></p><p>Post your coins of the Galatian kings![/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="Pavlos, post: 4703831, member: 96635"]Historically the name of Galatia was derived from the Gauls who invaded central Asia Minor in the third century BC, and established an independent kingdom centered around the cities of Pessinus, Ancyra and Tavium. There were three Galatian tribes: Trocmii, Tectosages and Tolistobogii. [IMG]https://i.imgur.com/cHeXPmd.jpg[/IMG] The constitution of the Galatian state is described by Strabo: Eeach tribe was divided into cantons, governed by a Tetrarch with a judge under him, whose powers were unlimited except in cases of murder, which were tried before a council of 300 drawn from the twelve cantons and meeting at a holy place, twenty miles south-west of Ancyra. These Galatians were warriors, respected by Greeks and Romans and were often hired as mercenary soldiers. At the beginning of the Mithridatic Wars the Galatians had supported the Pontic King Mithridates VI against Rome. However, after defeat at the Battle of Chaeornea in 86 BC Mithridates began to suspect treachery even in his closest allies. The Galatian leaders were invited to a feast by one of Mithridates commanders, where they, along with their wives and children, were massacred: [I]“First, he put to death the tetrarchs of Galatia with their wives and children, not only those who were united with him as friends, but those who were not his subjects – all except three who escaped” .[/I](Appian, [I][URL='http://perseus.uchicago.edu/perseus-cgi/citequery3.pl?dbname=GreekFeb2011&query=App.%20Mith.&getid=0']The Mithridatic Wars[/URL][/I] 46) The murder of the Galatian chieftains was proven to be a fatal error for Mithridates, and provoked backlash from the Galatians. One of the Galatian leaders, Deiotaros (the ‘Divine Bull’), raised an army from the country, expelled him and his garrisons, and drove them out of Galatia. The Roman general Lucullus had been on the verge of suspending the war with Mithridates because of a lack of supplies for his army. However, the Galatians were now willing to help Rome and Lucullus: [I]“30,000 Galatians followed in his train, each carrying a bushel of grain upon his shoulders” [/I](Plutarch Life of Lucullus 14). As reward Deiotaros was made king of Galatia in 64 BC by Pompey after the war and this is how the Kingdom of Galatia was created. Deiotaros ruled Galatia until his death in 40 BC. Amyntas was a secretary to King Deiotaros and served as a cavalry commander in the Roman army of Brutus and Cassius during the civil war. However, Amyntas switched sides just before the Battle of Philippi in 42 BC and joined Mark Antony against Brutus. After the war, he was made the King of Galatia by Antony. [IMG]https://i.imgur.com/1CopxgL.jpg[/IMG] [B]Kings of Galatia. Amyntas. AE Dichalkon. 39-25 BC. Obverse:[/B] Draped bust of Artemis to right with bow and quiver over her shoulder. [B]Reverse:[/B] ΒAΣIΛEΩΣ - AMYNTOY Stag standing right. [B]Reference:[/B] HGC 7, 784. SNG Paris 2365-2370. 3.86g; 18mm The above example shows Artemis portrayed with the features of Cleopatra VII of Egypt, apparently as a sign of deference to Antony and the Egyptian queen. During the war between Mark Antony and Octavian, Amyntas deserted Mark Antony and went to Octavian's side before the battle of Actium in 31 BC. For his loyalty to Octavian, Amyntas was allowed to rule his kingdom until his death in 25 BC. Afterwards, Octavian made his kingdom into the Roman province of Galatia. [IMG]https://i.imgur.com/SBgUIrS.jpg[/IMG] [B]Kings of Galatia. Amyntas. AE Bronze. 39-25 BC. Obverse:[/B] Head of bearded Herakles to right with club over his shoulder; behind E, C. [B]Reverse:[/B] Lion walking to right with open jaws; B above, monogram of Amyntas in the exergue. [B]Reference:[/B] SNG France 2378. RPC I 3505. 12.34g Post your coins of the Galatian kings![/QUOTE]
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