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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;desertgem, post: 1783969, member: 15199&quot;] </p><p><br /></p><p><font size="4"><b><a href="http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/" rel="nofollow">http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/</a></b></font></p><p><br /></p><p><font size="4"><b>Health Risks from Excessive Zinc</b></font></p><p><br /></p><p>Zinc toxicity can occur in both acute and chronic forms. Acute adverse effects of high zinc intake include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and headaches [<a href="http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/#en2" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/#en2" rel="nofollow">2</a>]. One case report cited severe nausea and vomiting within 30 minutes of ingesting 4 g of zinc gluconate (570 mg elemental zinc) [<a href="http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/#en81" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/#en81" rel="nofollow">81</a>]. Intakes of 150–450 mg of zinc per day have been associated with such chronic effects as low copper status, altered iron function, reduced immune function, and reduced levels of high-density lipoproteins [<a href="http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/#en82" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/#en82" rel="nofollow">82</a>]. Reductions in a copper-containing enzyme, a marker of copper status, have been reported with even moderately high zinc intakes of approximately 60 mg/day for up to 10 weeks [<a href="http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/#en2" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/#en2" rel="nofollow">2</a>]. The doses of zinc used in the AREDS study (80 mg per day of zinc in the form of zinc oxide for 6.3 years, on average) have been associated with a significant increase in hospitalizations for genitourinary causes, raising the possibility that chronically high intakes of zinc adversely affect some aspects of urinary physiology [<a href="http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/#en83" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/#en83" rel="nofollow">83</a>].</p><p>The FNB has established ULs for zinc (Table 3). Long-term intakes above the UL increase the risk of adverse health effects [<a href="http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/#en2" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/#en2" rel="nofollow">2</a>]. The ULs do not apply to individuals receiving zinc for medical treatment, but such individuals should be under the care of a physician who monitors them for adverse health effects.</p><p style="text-align: left">Table 3: Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs) for Zinc [<a href="http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/#en2" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/#en2" rel="nofollow">2</a>]</p><p>AgeMaleFemalePregnantLactating</p><p>0–6 months 4 mg 4 mg&nbsp; &nbsp; </p><p>7–12 months 5 mg 5 mg&nbsp; &nbsp; </p><p>1–3 years 7 mg 7 mg&nbsp; &nbsp; </p><p>4–8 years 12 mg 12 mg&nbsp; &nbsp; </p><p>9–13 years 23 mg 23 mg&nbsp; &nbsp; </p><p>14–18 years 34 mg 34 mg 34 mg 34 mg</p><p>19+ years 40 mg 40 mg 40 mg 40 mg[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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