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Message:: [QUOTE="Curtis, post: 24712697, member: 26430"]Very interesting captives & Republican era trophies! Compared to the ones I just posted, the early Victoriati with Victory & trophy make an interesting comparison. I wonder if the round shield and creseted helmet were meant to represent any particular enemy? I hadn't noticed before, but by the time of those Furius types with Janus on the obverse, you can see that the trophies have begun to looks distinctively Gallic/Germanic, with the Carnyx (beast-headed horn / standard). By then, all that was left was to add the captured warrior! Very interesting, [USER=128351]@GinoLR[/USER] , about the crucifix imagery and its similarity to the trophy. I had not heard of that before, but it immediately makes sense. That might also help to explain why the "two-captives-and-trophy" reverse type began to disappear soon after the Empire turned toward Christianity. (I believe it disappeared after Constantine & his sons.) The Paulus Aemilianus Lepidus type is on my want list. There are a few others of those, depicting the defeated kings as captives. (Some of the other ones are more in the pose that later became "kneeling personifications," sometimes holding up objects -- even babies -- to signal submission.) Perseus' hands are behind his back (maybe his sons too?) -- I haven't learned yet if that's just "standing with hands behind the back" or if he's bound? Neither one would surprise me. I need to look into it.[/QUOTE]