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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;GinoLR, post: 24712174, member: 128351&quot;]&quot;Trophy tableau&quot; monuments are a very interesting conventional iconography. During the late republican and the imperial period, the bound captives are most often shown kneeling or sitting. But on some depictions the barbarian captives are standing, as early as on this denarius of 62 BC (not my coin):</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1579714[/ATTACH]</p><p><font size="3">(Paullus Aemilius Lepidus. Denarius. 62 BC. Rome (Crawford 415/1). Obv.: Veiled and diademed head of Concord right, PAVLLVS LEPIDVS CONCORDIA., around. Rev.: TER. above trophy, L. Aemilius Paullus on right, Perseus and his two sons as prisoners on left, PAVLLVS, in exergue)</font></p><p><br /></p><p>Under Tiberius, on the triumphal arch of Orange, we see trophies flanked by a standing couple of mourning Barbarian captives, man and woman (not my triumphal arch):</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1579715[/ATTACH]</p><p><br /></p><p>This iconography was still reproduced in the early 4th c., on the Arch of Constantine in Rome for example. </p><p><br /></p><p>I did not read this in any book or article, but I wonder if this iconography could be the origin of the conventional depiction of the Crucifixion, Mary and John standing mourning at the foot of the Cross. As early as the 2nd-3rd c. Christian authors assimilated the Cross to a trophy. Tertullian : &quot;<i>Per tropaeum crucis (Christus) triumphavit</i>&quot; (<i>Adv. Marc.</i> IV, 20). Augustine: &quot;<i>ipsam crucem de diabolo superato tanquam tropaeum</i>&quot; (<i>In Ev. Ioh.</i> 36,4).</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1579716[/ATTACH] </p><p><font size="3">Trophy and standing Barbarian captives, Arch of Constantine</font></p><p><font size="3">Early medieval Crucifixion icon</font>[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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