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<p>[QUOTE="Curtis, post: 24711995, member: 26430"]<b>A pair of Republican Quinarii I’ve been wanting for a few years now...<i>especially the first one</i>… </b></p><p><br /></p><p>I finally found the right ones in Jacquier Auction 51 last week. (<i>Sammlung</i> R.L., a multi-generation family collection, formed c. 1890s-2010.)</p><p><br /></p><p>(So, not actually mine yet, just coins I’ve won at auction.)</p><p><br /></p><p><b>C. Fundanius AR Quinarius</b> (1.67g). Crawford 326/2.</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1579684[/ATTACH]</p><p><br /></p><p><b>T. Cloelius AR Quinarius</b> (1.75g). Crawford 332/1a.</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1579685[/ATTACH]</p><p><br /></p><p><b><br /></b></p><p><b><br /></b></p><p><b>What makes them interesting:</b></p><p><br /></p><p>These are the first coins to depict a <i>bound captive and trophy</i> (what Lauren Kinnee [2016, 2018] calls the “<b>trophy tableau monument</b>” -- or just "trophy tableau"). Trophies appeared on Greek coins, but the captives were a Roman innovation -- a succinct representation of their imperialistic outlook and attitudes toward non-Romans.</p><p><br /></p><p>In this case, the trophies (mannequins adorned w/ captured weapons, armor, carnyxes) are also being crowned by Victory (i.e., sanctioning the defeat of Rome’s enemies).</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1579686[/ATTACH]</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>The design specifically commemorates Marius’ victories in the Cimbrian War against the Cimbri and Teutones.</p><p><br /></p><p>In fact, the coins probably memorialize an actual scene from Marius’ Triumph in 101 BCE, in which the captured king Teutobodus was paraded through the streets of Rome:</p><p><br /></p><blockquote><p>“<font face="Georgia"><font size="5">Their king, Teutobodus himself … having been captured in a neighbouring forest was a striking figure in the triumphal procession; for, being a man of extraordinary stature, he towered above the trophies of his defeat.</font></font>”</p><p>Florus, <i>Epitome of Roman History</i>, <a href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Florus/Epitome/1J*.html#:~:text=10" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Florus/Epitome/1J*.html#:~:text=10" rel="nofollow">Book 1, Ch XXXVIII: 10</a> (Loeb 1929: p. 171).</p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p>From there, the design was adopted by Roman sculpture, famously on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb_of_Caecilia_Metella" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb_of_Caecilia_Metella" rel="nofollow">tomb of Caecilia Metella</a> in Rome, c. 25 BCE (the captive’s face and torso are missing, but the rest of the “trophy tableau” is visible).</p><p><br /></p><p>This is an interesting case, then, in which the coins came first, and the rest of the artwork followed the numismatic lead:</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1579687[/ATTACH]</p><p>[Sergey Sosnovskiy 2006 CC-BY-SA (ed)]</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1579688[/ATTACH]</p><p>[L. Kinnee 2016: p. 199, from G. Foglia in Paris 2000; see also <a href="https://www.academia.edu/1092874/The_tomb_of_Caecilia_Metella_tumulus_tropaeum_and_thymele" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.academia.edu/1092874/The_tomb_of_Caecilia_Metella_tumulus_tropaeum_and_thymele" rel="nofollow">Gerding 2002</a> & <i><a href="http://omeka.wellesley.edu/piranesi-rome/items/show/391" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://omeka.wellesley.edu/piranesi-rome/items/show/391" rel="nofollow">Piranesi in Rome: Tomb of Caecilia Metella</a>]</i></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>…It was then copied and modified on numerous other Roman Republican, Imperial, and Provincial coins over the next 600 years. With only a handful of exceptions, almost every emperor produced at least one captives type (ending with the <a href="https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?term=zeno+476+491+captive+victory+949" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?term=zeno+476+491+captive+victory+949" rel="nofollow">AE <i>minima</i> of Zeno’s second reign, c. 476-491</a> -- a type unfortunately still absent from my collection).</p><p><br /></p><p>The two most recognizable are probably (1) Julius Caesar’s two-captives-and-trophy denarius, c. 54 BCE, and (2) Vespasian’s extensive Judaea Capta coinage.</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1579689[/ATTACH]</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1579690[/ATTACH]</p><p><br /></p><p>I previously posted on the two-captives-and-trophy motif, and it’s variations from Julius Caesar through Constantine’s sons: <a href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/captives-trophy-8-or-9-examples-from-julius-caesar-to-constantine-others-if-you-have-them.374729/" class="internalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/captives-trophy-8-or-9-examples-from-julius-caesar-to-constantine-others-if-you-have-them.374729/">https://www.cointalk.com/threads/captives-trophy-8-or-9-examples-from-julius-caesar-to-constantine-others-if-you-have-them.374729/</a></p><p><br /></p><p>(Also: A page on my website showing >100 coins from my “Barbarians, Captives, and Enemies” collection, though I haven’t yet added the new pair of Quinarii: <a href="https://conservatoricoins.com/selections-from-the-bce-collection/" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://conservatoricoins.com/selections-from-the-bce-collection/" rel="nofollow">https://conservatoricoins.com/selections-from-the-bce-collection/</a> )</p><p><br /></p><p><b>If you can get access to them, I highly recommend</b>:</p><p><br /></p><p>Kinnee, Lauren. 2016. “The Trophy Tableau Monument in Rome: from Marius to Caecilia Metella.” <i>Journal of Ancient History</i> 4 (2): 191-239.</p><blockquote><p>(Not free online anywhere I can find, unless you have university/library access, but I'm more than happy to email the PDF to anyone who asks.)</p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p>Kinnee, Lauren. 2018. <i>The Greek and Roman Trophy: From Battlefield Marker to Icon of Power</i>. NY: Routledge.</p><blockquote><p>(<a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Greek_and_Roman_Trophy/skpnDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Greek_and_Roman_Trophy/skpnDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1" rel="nofollow">Preview on Google Books</a>)</p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p>Among others -- there's a lot of great literature on barbarians and captives in Roman culture and coinage.[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="Curtis, post: 24711995, member: 26430"][B]A pair of Republican Quinarii I’ve been wanting for a few years now...[I]especially the first one[/I]… [/B] I finally found the right ones in Jacquier Auction 51 last week. ([I]Sammlung[/I] R.L., a multi-generation family collection, formed c. 1890s-2010.) (So, not actually mine yet, just coins I’ve won at auction.) [B]C. Fundanius AR Quinarius[/B] (1.67g). Crawford 326/2. [ATTACH=full]1579684[/ATTACH] [B]T. Cloelius AR Quinarius[/B] (1.75g). Crawford 332/1a. [ATTACH=full]1579685[/ATTACH] [B] What makes them interesting:[/B] These are the first coins to depict a [I]bound captive and trophy[/I] (what Lauren Kinnee [2016, 2018] calls the “[B]trophy tableau monument[/B]” -- or just "trophy tableau"). Trophies appeared on Greek coins, but the captives were a Roman innovation -- a succinct representation of their imperialistic outlook and attitudes toward non-Romans. In this case, the trophies (mannequins adorned w/ captured weapons, armor, carnyxes) are also being crowned by Victory (i.e., sanctioning the defeat of Rome’s enemies). [ATTACH=full]1579686[/ATTACH] The design specifically commemorates Marius’ victories in the Cimbrian War against the Cimbri and Teutones. In fact, the coins probably memorialize an actual scene from Marius’ Triumph in 101 BCE, in which the captured king Teutobodus was paraded through the streets of Rome: [INDENT]“[FONT=Georgia][SIZE=5]Their king, Teutobodus himself … having been captured in a neighbouring forest was a striking figure in the triumphal procession; for, being a man of extraordinary stature, he towered above the trophies of his defeat.[/SIZE][/FONT]” Florus, [I]Epitome of Roman History[/I], [URL='https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Florus/Epitome/1J*.html#:~:text=10']Book 1, Ch XXXVIII: 10[/URL] (Loeb 1929: p. 171).[/INDENT] From there, the design was adopted by Roman sculpture, famously on the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb_of_Caecilia_Metella']tomb of Caecilia Metella[/URL] in Rome, c. 25 BCE (the captive’s face and torso are missing, but the rest of the “trophy tableau” is visible). This is an interesting case, then, in which the coins came first, and the rest of the artwork followed the numismatic lead: [ATTACH=full]1579687[/ATTACH] [Sergey Sosnovskiy 2006 CC-BY-SA (ed)] [ATTACH=full]1579688[/ATTACH] [L. Kinnee 2016: p. 199, from G. Foglia in Paris 2000; see also [URL='https://www.academia.edu/1092874/The_tomb_of_Caecilia_Metella_tumulus_tropaeum_and_thymele']Gerding 2002[/URL] & [I][URL='http://omeka.wellesley.edu/piranesi-rome/items/show/391']Piranesi in Rome: Tomb of Caecilia Metella[/URL]][/I] …It was then copied and modified on numerous other Roman Republican, Imperial, and Provincial coins over the next 600 years. With only a handful of exceptions, almost every emperor produced at least one captives type (ending with the [URL='https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?term=zeno+476+491+captive+victory+949']AE [I]minima[/I] of Zeno’s second reign, c. 476-491[/URL] -- a type unfortunately still absent from my collection). The two most recognizable are probably (1) Julius Caesar’s two-captives-and-trophy denarius, c. 54 BCE, and (2) Vespasian’s extensive Judaea Capta coinage. [ATTACH=full]1579689[/ATTACH] [ATTACH=full]1579690[/ATTACH] I previously posted on the two-captives-and-trophy motif, and it’s variations from Julius Caesar through Constantine’s sons: [URL]https://www.cointalk.com/threads/captives-trophy-8-or-9-examples-from-julius-caesar-to-constantine-others-if-you-have-them.374729/[/URL] (Also: A page on my website showing >100 coins from my “Barbarians, Captives, and Enemies” collection, though I haven’t yet added the new pair of Quinarii: [URL]https://conservatoricoins.com/selections-from-the-bce-collection/[/URL] ) [B]If you can get access to them, I highly recommend[/B]: Kinnee, Lauren. 2016. “The Trophy Tableau Monument in Rome: from Marius to Caecilia Metella.” [I]Journal of Ancient History[/I] 4 (2): 191-239. [INDENT](Not free online anywhere I can find, unless you have university/library access, but I'm more than happy to email the PDF to anyone who asks.)[/INDENT] Kinnee, Lauren. 2018. [I]The Greek and Roman Trophy: From Battlefield Marker to Icon of Power[/I]. NY: Routledge. [INDENT]([URL='https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Greek_and_Roman_Trophy/skpnDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1']Preview on Google Books[/URL])[/INDENT] Among others -- there's a lot of great literature on barbarians and captives in Roman culture and coinage.[/QUOTE]
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The first Roman captives & "trophy tableau monument"
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