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Message:: [QUOTE="+VGO.DVCKS, post: 7441079, member: 110504"]Freaking Brilliant post and coins, [USER=87080]@TheRed[/USER].  To [USER=97383]@Al Kowsky[/USER]'s point, sometimes the mistakes are attributable --even with London issues, even this late-- to what dies and die punches happened to be ready to hand.  A collector from the UK who I've had the honour of correspondence with (and who really should be published) noted that this was especially true of the highly unsettled reign of Henry IV (1399 -1413).  In the much more stable reign of Edward III, the mere fact that groats, as a sustained issue, were still in their infancy could account for some of the same phenomenon....More to [USER=97383]@Al Kowsky[/USER]'s and [USER=10461]@lordmarcovan[/USER]'s points, as of the 14th century, the die-sinking machinery would have been in place --under ideal circumstances, at least-- to the extent that retrograde 'N's (and 'M's that look like 'H's, and so forth) would have been much less common than the same kind of phenomenon, which is endemic to (for one collective instance) French feudal of the 12th and 13th centuries.  [USER=87080]@TheRed[/USER], am I making this up, or do  retrograde 'N's still occasionally show up on Edward I's 'new coinage' pennies?[/QUOTE]