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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;IMP Shogun, post: 4941823, member: 114683&quot;]When Augustus founded the Empire, he derived his Imperial authority from the [sovereignty] of the people; and the essence of this principle was retained throughout the duration not only of the Principate but also of the Monarchy; for the Imperial office remained elective, and the electors had the right of deposing the Emperor. But though these rights were never abrogated, Diocletian and his colleague Maximian are designated as gods and parents of gods. The official deification of the Emperor, which seemed in sight at the beginning of the fourth century, was precluded by Christianity; but the consecration of the ruler&#039;s person was maintained in the epithets <i>sacred</i> and <i>divine</i>; and the Emperors came to regard themselves rather as vicegerents of God than as rulers set up by their people. <a href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/BURLAT/1*.html" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/BURLAT/1*.html" rel="nofollow">1</a></p><p><br /></p><p>Victory has been crowning winners for a long time:</p><p><br /></p><p>Nike crowning a charioteer, Athens 425BC</p><p><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Charioteer_Nike_BM_814.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /> </p><p><br /></p><p>A. Pius, Dupondius, RIC 897 - crowned by victory</p><p><img src="https://www.cointalk.com/media/a-pius-ric-897.15414/full?lightbox=1&amp;last_edit_date=1602516440" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /> </p><p><br /></p><p>Arch of Titus: the emperor crowned by victory (for Judea)</p><p><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/7215/7226955672_49ab34b485_c.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /> </p><p><br /></p><p>Here she is waiting to crown somebody (Nike at Ephesus)</p><p><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Goddess_Nike_at_Ephesus%2C_Turkey.JPG/1280px-Goddess_Nike_at_Ephesus%2C_Turkey.JPG" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /> </p><p><br /></p><p>From Constantine&#039;s Arch: Trajan crowned by Victory&nbsp; </p><p><img src="https://www.artic.edu/iiif/2/6b45b6fa-0168-e0ef-b65a-59e482d203a5/full/843,/0/default.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /> </p><p><br /></p><p>Even as the worship of the old gods was being extirpated, it was still powerful enough of a force to be used, in transition, for the coins of Theodosius and his heirs. The transition between deitification and divine regency that became the norm in later periods is well under way in these coins and others. Safe to assume Arcadius received his crown from dad, and not quite from victory but the Hand of God is still in pagan form here:</p><p><br /></p><p><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/l-WUwZkYScMBtNE2IE5qkPDV6kGwdei-JS4HBFotmOUJ_TvyIrwxn_XJPfveSAaY3bmt66ycfGjoINwg_p00ZzkFuDGEBujgw5xrpBqjwyBtJJ8Q7VDqwNAFuw4TPwWlfdnZtCKX-4W6XtxhmTcYwRWD34iGiMzZy_Axz0kffj9SuU78vc4c5YVy4wvoWcAl5fQOxnyUEw1umnspv01kd9sEyXMBiRokz9TmsXPHj98j7TB9nKGJMiJpgsAJBr5jVSvPwbBuLnvK-2Ws0W7m6-4N6ieELYJpbt5erhGcJ3z18m6kLDyv7tgYCw8arZ7VlmeafcLfU8qYninpQs3N0q3Nj0BH2AJHa301jN2VHKykreF5itPHHRFR8F9aPL8j2weT0K8Xp1nCyHYRabSL-rtgP8Gc6RgBi4NxHan48LEXNOc3UbeTep-Zb6gUxhanrPIcMDOhov0C7ZdTq3p3lWofdbFuM33_jJLYsVNbxj31dbUH-5SMDJBohIcEVxjg4YSNVsU53hBsX79NFMDWDFG9tuMSU5ifAepIFMA9kkAo3dKa8XmCeXjLkNNyUDzUCozfTCRNqSUG0G1bw0jxqOrPgZM8yBQLcQYcmrRmm2mZ4RBcJsRZotjPu-Vqxqu-XDXLmuz2AiW25331h59-TP4uPtc02YQy9AVuD3h_KHyfcDuEpwHG_ffq8YD1=w1881-h1329-no?authuser=1" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /> </p><p>Theodosius I</p><p>RIC IX 30d, Aquilea</p><p>27mm, 5.04g</p><p><br /></p><p>Arcadius </p><p>RIC X 62, Nicomedia</p><p>18mm, 2.55g</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>Feel free to post: coins crowning the emperor, father and progeny collections (let&#039;s not forget Aelia Eudoxia!), or anything else you&#039;d like and we wouldn&#039;t hate the Hand of God.[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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