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<p>[QUOTE="Roman Collector, post: 7330950, member: 75937"]Trebonianus Gallus was the only emperor of the mid third century that did not become emperor as a result of civil war or regicide. Rather, his predecessor, Trajan Decius, was killed in battle against the Goths at Abrittus in June, AD 251. Decius' elder son, Herennius Etruscus, fell with him, leaving the younger son, Hostilian, who held the rank of Caesar, to manage the family fortune in Rome.</p><p><br /></p><p>Trebonianus Gallus, the Governor of Moesia, was acclaimed emperor by troops in the field. Circumstances forced him to buy peace from the Goths at a very high price and he quickly returned to Rome. There, he elevated Hostilian to Augustus and accepted him as a colleague, and gave his own son, Volusian, the rank of Caesar. Shortly thereafter, Hostilian died of the Cyprian Plague and Volusian was elevated to Augustus to serve as co-emperor with his father.</p><p><br /></p><p>Gallus was quick to use coins for political purposes and his first issue included an antoninianus with the inscription MARS PACIFER (Mars the peace bringer) "to put a good light on the peace bought from the Goths" (Mattingly, RIC IV.3, p. 156). Another of Gallus' first-issue coins, PROVIDENTIA AVG(G) (the foresight of the emperor(s)), "may reflect on the happy settlement of the question of the succession" (<i>ibid</i>.).</p><p><br /></p><p>The PROVIDENTIA antoniniani are quite scarce and <a href="https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?term=Trebonianus+PROVIDENTIA&category=1-2&en=1&de=1&fr=1&it=1&es=1&ot=1&images=1&thesaurus=1&order=0&currency=usd&company=" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?term=Trebonianus+PROVIDENTIA&category=1-2&en=1&de=1&fr=1&it=1&es=1&ot=1&images=1&thesaurus=1&order=0&currency=usd&company=" rel="nofollow">few come on the market</a>. The coins were struck with two reverse inscriptions, PROVIDENTIA AVG and PROVIDENTIA AVGG. Although present in roughly equal numbers in the Dorchester Hoard, the AVGG type is more common in the numismatic trade. Some have proposed that the AVG coins come from the very short period before Hostilian was elevated to Augustus (Mattingly, op. cit., pp. 153, 156, 189). Alternatively, and less likely, they may have been struck during the period after Hostilian's death but before Volusian's elevation.</p><p><br /></p><p><i>Providentia</i> is the personification of foresight and is most often depicted under the form of a female, <a href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/matronly-garments-the-stola-and-palla.346585/" class="internalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/matronly-garments-the-stola-and-palla.346585/">clothed as a Roman matron</a>, holding in her left hand a cornucopiae or the <i><a href="http://www.forumancientcoins.com/numiswiki/view.asp?key=Hasta%20Pura" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.forumancientcoins.com/numiswiki/view.asp?key=Hasta%20Pura" rel="nofollow">hasta pura</a></i>, and in her right a short wand, with which she either touches or points to a globe. Sometimes she holds this globe in her right hand; at other times it lies at her feet. Occasionally, this globe bears an <a href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/faustina-friday-–-aeternitas-seated-on-the-celestial-sphere.377823/" class="internalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/faustina-friday-–-aeternitas-seated-on-the-celestial-sphere.377823/">equinoctial cross, identifying it as the celestial globe</a>, but more typically, it appears as a simple round ball.</p><p><br /></p><p>Here is the example of the type in my own collection:</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1280523[/ATTACH]</p><p>Trebonianus Gallus, AD 251-253.</p><p>Roman AR antoninianus, 3.81 g, 21.6 mm, 12 h.</p><p>Rome, 2nd officina, 1st emission, AD 251.</p><p>Obv: IMP CAE C VIB TREB GALLVS AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust, right.</p><p>Rev: PROVIDENTIA AVGG: Providentia, draped, standing left, holding globe in right hand and transverse scepter in left hand.</p><p>Refs: RIC 44; Cohen/RSC 103; RCV 9644; Hunter p. cv.</p><p><br /></p><p>Here are coins depicting Providentia with slightly different attributes and poses. Note the presence of the globe is <i>de rigueur</i>, while her other attributes are optional.</p><p><br /></p><p><img src="https://www.cointalk.com/attachments/maximinus-providentia-avg-denarius-jpg.1181615/" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></p><p>Maximinus I, AD 235-238.</p><p>Roman AR denarius, 3.13 g, 19.2 mm, 6 h.</p><p>Rome, 2nd emission, AD 236.</p><p>Obv: IMP MAXIMINVS PIVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust, right.</p><p>Rev: PROVIDENTIA AVG, Providentia standing left, holding baton and cornucopiae; globe at feet.</p><p>Refs: RIC <a href="http://numismatics.org/ocre/id/ric.4.max_i.13_denarius" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://numismatics.org/ocre/id/ric.4.max_i.13_denarius" rel="nofollow">13</a>; BMCRE <a href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_1920-0907-138" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_1920-0907-138" rel="nofollow">86</a>-<a href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_1868-0514-115" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_1868-0514-115" rel="nofollow">88</a>; Cohen 77; RSC 77a; RCV 8315; MIR 11-3.</p><p>Note: The globe bears an equinoctial cross, identifying it as the celestial globe.</p><p><br /></p><p><img src="https://www.cointalk.com/attachments/trajan-providentia-denarius-jpg.999751/" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></p><p>Trajan, AD 98-117.</p><p>Roman AR denarius, 3.20 g, 18.3 mm, 6 h.</p><p>Rome, AD 117.</p><p>Obv: IMP CAES NER TRAIAN OPTIM AVG GERM DAC, laureate and draped bust, right.</p><p>Rev: PARTHICO P M TR P COS VI P P S P Q R, Providentia, draped, standing left, pointing with right hand at large globe left, and holding vertical scepter in left, left elbow resting on column; PRO VID left and right in field.</p><p>Refs: RIC 361; BMCRE 640-44; Cohen 313; RCV 3154; Woytek 580v; UCR 764; Wulfing 712.</p><p><br /></p><p><img src="https://www.cointalk.com/attachments/gallienus-providentia-avg-antoninianus-jpg.753754/" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></p><p>Gallienus, AD 253-268.</p><p>Roman billon antoninianus, 3.45 g, 19.3 mm, 5 h.</p><p>Mediolanum, AD 260-268.</p><p>Obv: GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust, right.</p><p>Rev: PROVIDENTIA AVG, Providentia standing left and leaning on column, holding short wand and cornucopiae; globe at her feet.</p><p>Refs: Göbl 1086aa; Toffanin 146/1.</p><p><br /></p><p>Let's see your coins of T-Bone, coins with Providentia, or anything else you feel is relevant![/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="Roman Collector, post: 7330950, member: 75937"]Trebonianus Gallus was the only emperor of the mid third century that did not become emperor as a result of civil war or regicide. Rather, his predecessor, Trajan Decius, was killed in battle against the Goths at Abrittus in June, AD 251. Decius' elder son, Herennius Etruscus, fell with him, leaving the younger son, Hostilian, who held the rank of Caesar, to manage the family fortune in Rome. Trebonianus Gallus, the Governor of Moesia, was acclaimed emperor by troops in the field. Circumstances forced him to buy peace from the Goths at a very high price and he quickly returned to Rome. There, he elevated Hostilian to Augustus and accepted him as a colleague, and gave his own son, Volusian, the rank of Caesar. Shortly thereafter, Hostilian died of the Cyprian Plague and Volusian was elevated to Augustus to serve as co-emperor with his father. Gallus was quick to use coins for political purposes and his first issue included an antoninianus with the inscription MARS PACIFER (Mars the peace bringer) "to put a good light on the peace bought from the Goths" (Mattingly, RIC IV.3, p. 156). Another of Gallus' first-issue coins, PROVIDENTIA AVG(G) (the foresight of the emperor(s)), "may reflect on the happy settlement of the question of the succession" ([I]ibid[/I].). The PROVIDENTIA antoniniani are quite scarce and [URL='https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?term=Trebonianus+PROVIDENTIA&category=1-2&en=1&de=1&fr=1&it=1&es=1&ot=1&images=1&thesaurus=1&order=0¤cy=usd&company=']few come on the market[/URL]. The coins were struck with two reverse inscriptions, PROVIDENTIA AVG and PROVIDENTIA AVGG. Although present in roughly equal numbers in the Dorchester Hoard, the AVGG type is more common in the numismatic trade. Some have proposed that the AVG coins come from the very short period before Hostilian was elevated to Augustus (Mattingly, op. cit., pp. 153, 156, 189). Alternatively, and less likely, they may have been struck during the period after Hostilian's death but before Volusian's elevation. [I]Providentia[/I] is the personification of foresight and is most often depicted under the form of a female, [URL='https://www.cointalk.com/threads/matronly-garments-the-stola-and-palla.346585/']clothed as a Roman matron[/URL], holding in her left hand a cornucopiae or the [I][URL='http://www.forumancientcoins.com/numiswiki/view.asp?key=Hasta%20Pura']hasta pura[/URL][/I], and in her right a short wand, with which she either touches or points to a globe. Sometimes she holds this globe in her right hand; at other times it lies at her feet. Occasionally, this globe bears an [URL='https://www.cointalk.com/threads/faustina-friday-–-aeternitas-seated-on-the-celestial-sphere.377823/']equinoctial cross, identifying it as the celestial globe[/URL], but more typically, it appears as a simple round ball. Here is the example of the type in my own collection: [ATTACH=full]1280523[/ATTACH] Trebonianus Gallus, AD 251-253. Roman AR antoninianus, 3.81 g, 21.6 mm, 12 h. Rome, 2nd officina, 1st emission, AD 251. Obv: IMP CAE C VIB TREB GALLVS AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust, right. Rev: PROVIDENTIA AVGG: Providentia, draped, standing left, holding globe in right hand and transverse scepter in left hand. Refs: RIC 44; Cohen/RSC 103; RCV 9644; Hunter p. cv. Here are coins depicting Providentia with slightly different attributes and poses. Note the presence of the globe is [I]de rigueur[/I], while her other attributes are optional. [IMG]https://www.cointalk.com/attachments/maximinus-providentia-avg-denarius-jpg.1181615/[/IMG] Maximinus I, AD 235-238. Roman AR denarius, 3.13 g, 19.2 mm, 6 h. Rome, 2nd emission, AD 236. Obv: IMP MAXIMINVS PIVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust, right. Rev: PROVIDENTIA AVG, Providentia standing left, holding baton and cornucopiae; globe at feet. Refs: RIC [URL='http://numismatics.org/ocre/id/ric.4.max_i.13_denarius']13[/URL]; BMCRE [URL='https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_1920-0907-138']86[/URL]-[URL='https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_1868-0514-115']88[/URL]; Cohen 77; RSC 77a; RCV 8315; MIR 11-3. Note: The globe bears an equinoctial cross, identifying it as the celestial globe. [IMG]https://www.cointalk.com/attachments/trajan-providentia-denarius-jpg.999751/[/IMG] Trajan, AD 98-117. Roman AR denarius, 3.20 g, 18.3 mm, 6 h. Rome, AD 117. Obv: IMP CAES NER TRAIAN OPTIM AVG GERM DAC, laureate and draped bust, right. Rev: PARTHICO P M TR P COS VI P P S P Q R, Providentia, draped, standing left, pointing with right hand at large globe left, and holding vertical scepter in left, left elbow resting on column; PRO VID left and right in field. Refs: RIC 361; BMCRE 640-44; Cohen 313; RCV 3154; Woytek 580v; UCR 764; Wulfing 712. [IMG]https://www.cointalk.com/attachments/gallienus-providentia-avg-antoninianus-jpg.753754/[/IMG] Gallienus, AD 253-268. Roman billon antoninianus, 3.45 g, 19.3 mm, 5 h. Mediolanum, AD 260-268. Obv: GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust, right. Rev: PROVIDENTIA AVG, Providentia standing left and leaning on column, holding short wand and cornucopiae; globe at her feet. Refs: Göbl 1086aa; Toffanin 146/1. Let's see your coins of T-Bone, coins with Providentia, or anything else you feel is relevant![/QUOTE]
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