Log in or Sign up
Coin Talk
Home
Forums
>
Coin Forums
>
World Coins
>
Swedish Numismatics
>
Reply to Thread
Message:
<p>[QUOTE="talerman, post: 7683969, member: 89314"]More coins of CHRISTINA (1632-54)</p><p><br /></p><p>The Swedish queen is remembered as one of the most learned women of the 17th century. She was fond of books, manuscripts, paintings, and sculptures. With her interest in religion, philosophy, mathematics and alchemy, she attracted many scientists to Stockholm, wanting the city to become the "Athens of the North". She caused a scandal when she decided not to marry -she was bisexual - and in 1654 when she abdicated her throne and converted to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholicism" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholicism" rel="nofollow">Catholicism</a>.</p><p><br /></p><p>After ruling under a Royal Regency Council under Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna Christina reached her majority in 1644, and Oxenstierna soon discovered that her political views differed from his own. In 1645 he sent his son, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Oxenstierna" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Oxenstierna" rel="nofollow">Johan Oxenstierna</a>, to the 30 Years' War Peace Congress in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westphalia" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westphalia" rel="nofollow">Westphalian</a> city of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" rel="nofollow">Osnabrück</a>, to argue against peace with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" rel="nofollow">Holy Roman Empire</a>. Christina, however, wanted peace at any cost and sent her own delegate, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Adler_Salvius" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Adler_Salvius" rel="nofollow">Johan Adler Salvius</a>.</p><p><br /></p><p>The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" rel="nofollow">Peace of Westphalia</a> was signed between May and October 1648, effectively ending the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_wars_of_religion" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_wars_of_religion" rel="nofollow">European wars of religion</a>. Sweden received an indemnity of five million <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaler" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaler" rel="nofollow">thalers</a>, used primarily to pay its troops. Sweden further received <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Pomerania" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Pomerania" rel="nofollow">Western Pomerania</a> (henceforth <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_Pomerania" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_Pomerania" rel="nofollow">Swedish Pomerania</a>), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wismar" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wismar" rel="nofollow">Wismar</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Bremen" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Bremen" rel="nofollow">Archbishopric of Bremen</a>, and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishopric_of_Verden" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishopric_of_Verden" rel="nofollow">Bishopric of Verden</a> as hereditary fiefs, thus gaining a seat and vote in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" rel="nofollow">Diet of the Holy Roman Empire</a> ; the city of Bremen was disputed.</p><p><br /></p><p>Christina's financial extravagance brought the state to the verge of bankruptcy, and the financial difficulties caused public unrest after ten years of ruling. In 1651, Christina lost much of her popularity after the beheading of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Johan_Messenius" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Johan_Messenius" rel="nofollow">Arnold Johan Messenius</a>, together with his 17-year-old son, who had accused her of serious misbehavior and of being a "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezebel" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezebel" rel="nofollow">Jezebel</a>". At the age of 28, the "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerva" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerva" rel="nofollow">Minerva</a> of the North" relinquished the throne to her cousin Karl X Gustav and moved to Rome. Christina left Sweden in men's clothing and rode through unfriendly Denmark as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Delphicus_zu_Dohna" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Delphicus_zu_Dohna" rel="nofollow">Count Dohna</a>. Her eventual arrival in Rome, having been received into the Catholic Church in Brussels en route during an extended journey across Europe, was a triumph for Pope <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_VII" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_VII" rel="nofollow">Alexander VII</a>, a very visible symbol of the success of the Counter-Reformation. She was initially granted her own wing inside the Vatican.</p><p><br /></p><p>I do not think it is correct to say she became a nun. She lived in style in the Palazzo Farnese and later the Riario Palace. Pope <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VII" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VII" rel="nofollow">Alexander VII</a> described Christina as "a queen without a realm, a Christian without faith, and a woman without shame." Notwithstanding, she played a leading part in the theatrical and musical community and protected many <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroque" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroque" rel="nofollow">Baroque</a> artists, composers, and musicians.</p><p><br /></p><p>Being the guest of five consecutive popes and a symbol of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter_Reformation" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter_Reformation" rel="nofollow">Counter Reformation</a>, she is one of the few women buried in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_grotto" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_grotto" rel="nofollow">Vatican grotto</a>. Her unconventional lifestyle and masculine dressing have been featured in countless novels, plays, operas, and film. (Wikipedia)</p><p><br /></p><p>@robinjo posted a nice Riksdaler of Christina and, of course, [USER=77704]@panzerman[/USER] topped us all as usual with a beautiful gold ducat. Here are a few more of her coins.</p><p><br /></p><p>SWEDEN Christina 1/2 Daler 1644 </p><p>[ATTACH=full]1319526[/ATTACH] [ATTACH=full]1319527[/ATTACH] </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>SWEDEN Christina 4 Mark 1647</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1319533[/ATTACH] [ATTACH=full]1319534[/ATTACH] </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>Christina also struck coins for her lands elsewhere in Europe. Here are two examples.</p><p><br /></p><p>Germany POMERANIA Christina of Sweden 1/2 Taler 1641</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1319542[/ATTACH] [ATTACH=full]1319543[/ATTACH] </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>Baltic States RIGA 1/24 Taler (Dreipolcher) 1644</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1319544[/ATTACH] </p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1319545[/ATTACH][/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="talerman, post: 7683969, member: 89314"]More coins of CHRISTINA (1632-54) The Swedish queen is remembered as one of the most learned women of the 17th century. She was fond of books, manuscripts, paintings, and sculptures. With her interest in religion, philosophy, mathematics and alchemy, she attracted many scientists to Stockholm, wanting the city to become the "Athens of the North". She caused a scandal when she decided not to marry -she was bisexual - and in 1654 when she abdicated her throne and converted to [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholicism']Catholicism[/URL]. After ruling under a Royal Regency Council under Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna Christina reached her majority in 1644, and Oxenstierna soon discovered that her political views differed from his own. In 1645 he sent his son, [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Oxenstierna']Johan Oxenstierna[/URL], to the 30 Years' War Peace Congress in the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westphalia']Westphalian[/URL] city of [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck']Osnabrück[/URL], to argue against peace with the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire']Holy Roman Empire[/URL]. Christina, however, wanted peace at any cost and sent her own delegate, [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Adler_Salvius']Johan Adler Salvius[/URL]. The [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia']Peace of Westphalia[/URL] was signed between May and October 1648, effectively ending the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_wars_of_religion']European wars of religion[/URL]. Sweden received an indemnity of five million [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaler']thalers[/URL], used primarily to pay its troops. Sweden further received [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Pomerania']Western Pomerania[/URL] (henceforth [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_Pomerania']Swedish Pomerania[/URL]), [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wismar']Wismar[/URL], the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Bremen']Archbishopric of Bremen[/URL], and the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishopric_of_Verden']Bishopric of Verden[/URL] as hereditary fiefs, thus gaining a seat and vote in the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire']Diet of the Holy Roman Empire[/URL] ; the city of Bremen was disputed. Christina's financial extravagance brought the state to the verge of bankruptcy, and the financial difficulties caused public unrest after ten years of ruling. In 1651, Christina lost much of her popularity after the beheading of [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Johan_Messenius']Arnold Johan Messenius[/URL], together with his 17-year-old son, who had accused her of serious misbehavior and of being a "[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezebel']Jezebel[/URL]". At the age of 28, the "[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerva']Minerva[/URL] of the North" relinquished the throne to her cousin Karl X Gustav and moved to Rome. Christina left Sweden in men's clothing and rode through unfriendly Denmark as [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Delphicus_zu_Dohna']Count Dohna[/URL]. Her eventual arrival in Rome, having been received into the Catholic Church in Brussels en route during an extended journey across Europe, was a triumph for Pope [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_VII']Alexander VII[/URL], a very visible symbol of the success of the Counter-Reformation. She was initially granted her own wing inside the Vatican. I do not think it is correct to say she became a nun. She lived in style in the Palazzo Farnese and later the Riario Palace. Pope [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VII']Alexander VII[/URL] described Christina as "a queen without a realm, a Christian without faith, and a woman without shame." Notwithstanding, she played a leading part in the theatrical and musical community and protected many [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroque']Baroque[/URL] artists, composers, and musicians. Being the guest of five consecutive popes and a symbol of the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter_Reformation']Counter Reformation[/URL], she is one of the few women buried in the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_grotto']Vatican grotto[/URL]. Her unconventional lifestyle and masculine dressing have been featured in countless novels, plays, operas, and film. (Wikipedia) @robinjo posted a nice Riksdaler of Christina and, of course, [USER=77704]@panzerman[/USER] topped us all as usual with a beautiful gold ducat. Here are a few more of her coins. SWEDEN Christina 1/2 Daler 1644 [ATTACH=full]1319526[/ATTACH] [ATTACH=full]1319527[/ATTACH] SWEDEN Christina 4 Mark 1647 [ATTACH=full]1319533[/ATTACH] [ATTACH=full]1319534[/ATTACH] Christina also struck coins for her lands elsewhere in Europe. Here are two examples. Germany POMERANIA Christina of Sweden 1/2 Taler 1641 [ATTACH=full]1319542[/ATTACH] [ATTACH=full]1319543[/ATTACH] Baltic States RIGA 1/24 Taler (Dreipolcher) 1644 [ATTACH=full]1319544[/ATTACH] [ATTACH=full]1319545[/ATTACH][/QUOTE]
Your name or email address:
Do you already have an account?
No, create an account now.
Yes, my password is:
Forgot your password?
Stay logged in
Coin Talk
Home
Forums
>
Coin Forums
>
World Coins
>
Swedish Numismatics
>
Home
Home
Quick Links
Search Forums
Recent Activity
Recent Posts
Forums
Forums
Quick Links
Search Forums
Recent Posts
Competitions
Competitions
Quick Links
Competition Index
Rules, Terms & Conditions
Gallery
Gallery
Quick Links
Search Media
New Media
Showcase
Showcase
Quick Links
Search Items
Most Active Members
New Items
Directory
Directory
Quick Links
Directory Home
New Listings
Members
Members
Quick Links
Notable Members
Current Visitors
Recent Activity
New Profile Posts
Sponsors
Menu
Search
Search titles only
Posted by Member:
Separate names with a comma.
Newer Than:
Search this thread only
Search this forum only
Display results as threads
Useful Searches
Recent Posts
More...
