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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;Owle, post: 1329366, member: 22004&quot;]Another term for that is &quot;constructive&quot; fraud(Wikipedia):</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Constructive fraud</b> is a <a href="http://www.cointalk.com/wiki/Legal_fiction" class="internalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.cointalk.com/wiki/Legal_fiction">legal fiction</a> used in the <a href="http://www.cointalk.com/wiki/Law" class="internalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.cointalk.com/wiki/Law">law</a> to describe a situation where a person or entity gained an unfair advantage over another by deceitful, or unfair, methods. <a href="http://www.cointalk.com/wiki/Intent_(law)" class="internalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.cointalk.com/wiki/Intent_(law)">Intent</a> does not need to be shown[SUP]<a href="http://www.cointalk.com/#cite_note-MT-0" class="internalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.cointalk.com/#cite_note-MT-0"><font size="2">[1]</font></a>[/SUP] as in the case of actual <a href="http://www.cointalk.com/wiki/Fraud" class="internalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.cointalk.com/wiki/Fraud">fraud</a>. Some unfair methods may include not telling customers about defects in a product[SUP]<a href="http://www.cointalk.com/#cite_note-LC-1" class="internalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.cointalk.com/#cite_note-LC-1"><font size="2">[2]</font></a>[/SUP].</p><p>The elements are[SUP]<a href="http://www.cointalk.com/#cite_note-SvJ-2" class="internalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.cointalk.com/#cite_note-SvJ-2"><font size="2">[3]</font></a>[/SUP]:</p><ol> <li>a duty owing by the party to be charged to the complaining party due to their relationship[SUP]<a href="http://www.cointalk.com/#cite_note-Fid-3" class="internalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.cointalk.com/#cite_note-Fid-3"><font size="2">[4]</font></a>[/SUP];</li> <li>violation of that duty by the making of deceptive material misrepresentations of past or existing facts or remaining silent when a duty to speak exists;</li> <li>reliance thereon by the complaining party;</li> <li>injury to the complaining party as a proximate result thereof; and</li> <li>the gaining of an advantage by the party to be charged at the expense of the complaining party.</li> </ol><p>[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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