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Message:: [QUOTE="seth77, post: 4322159, member: 56653"]In 1100 Tancred d'Hauteville (Tancredi d'Altavilla) was Prince of Galilee, his rule as vassal to the King of Jerusalem extending from Cayphas to the Kinneret and up to the Golan Heights. That was also the year he became Regent for his uncle Bohemond in Antioch and in 1104 the County of Edessa entered his stewardship. As one of the original leaders of the First Crusade, he wielded a lot of influence both in the Latin Kingdom and in the Syrian domains of Antioch and Edessa up to at least 1109 in Edessa and until his death in 1112 in Antioch, reuniting Galilee and Antioch under his rule (1109-1112). At the height of his power, from around 1101 to 1109/12, Tancred minted a series of Byzantine-style coppers, some more common others less so, but all of them following the wisdom that proved to be effective in Southern Italy as it was conquered and settled by Norman knights. The coinage types changes every couple of years from around 1101 (or 1104) to 1112, when Tancred died, oftentimes being over-struck one upon the other, which is quite fortunate because it gives us a relative chronology of the types. [ATTACH=full]1098024[/ATTACH]AE20mm, 2.57g, copper follis, minted in the City of Antioch, cca. 1101-1103(?) or 1104.O ΠE - TPOC; Bust of Saint Peter facing, holding cross left hand.+ / KE BOI / ΘH TOΔV / ΛO COVT / ANKPI legend in 4 lines: "Lord, help Your servant Tancred."Malloy 3a, Schlumberger II, 6. The quality control on these coppers was usually lacking, which means that as numerous as they are even today, most of them are in bad condition - badly struck, bad flans, etc so these here are the lucky specimens that are good enough to be read. [ATTACH=full]1098025[/ATTACH] AE22mm, 3.37g, Idem As they have no marking of minting place, these copper folles were at first assigned to Tancred's rule in Galilee, but as the absolute majority of them come from Syria and virtually none are to be found in the territory of the Principality of Galilee, they were reassigned to Antioch. [ATTACH=full]1098039[/ATTACH] AE21mm, 3.10g, copper follis, minted in the City of Antioch, cca. 1108/1109-1110(?). IC - XC; bust of Christ nimbate, wearing tunic and cloack, holding Gospels. TA - NK - P - H; Cross pommetee, fleuronnee at base.Malloy 5, Schlumberger II, 8. The final type of copper coinage minted during Tancred's regency, dates possibly after the Treaty of Devol and Bohemond's retreat to Apulia. Also of interest is the Latin abbreviated legend, unlike the previous types which employed Greek legend. This might point out to a period in which Tancred felt his position as ruler of Antioch was fortified, around and after the passing of Bohemond I in 1111 (or 1109 according to Albert d'Aix II.XI, p. 177).[ATTACH=full]1098045[/ATTACH] AE20mm, 4.05g, copper follis, minted in the City of Antioch, cca. up to 1112.S PETRVS; Saint Peter standing, wearing tunic and cloak, blessing with right hand, holding cross in left hand.Đ S F T (for Domine salvum fac Tancredum) in each quarter of a slender long cross.Malloy 6, Schlumberger V, 1. The first coin comes from Lanz the following come from a British collection offered in 2018 by TimeLine Auctions.[/QUOTE]

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