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Message:: [QUOTE="Bart9349, post: 26420205, member: 5682"]Here's the official short video on the find: [MEDIA=youtube]CdinIPQGXaY[/MEDIA] <a href="https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/1-600-year-old-coin-hoard-found-in-complex-tunnel-system-under-galilee-dates-to-last-jewish-rebellion-against-romans" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/1-600-year-old-coin-hoard-found-in-complex-tunnel-system-under-galilee-dates-to-last-jewish-rebellion-against-romans" rel="nofollow">1,600-year-old coin hoard found in complex tunnel system under Galilee dates to last Jewish rebellion against Romans | Live Science</a> Barry Strauss, a prolific author on the Classical world, has written what seems to be an interesting book about earlier conflicts between Ancient Rome and the Jews (see below). Although I believe he doesn't delve into the Gallus Revolt mentioned above, he does discuss earlier conflicts in the first and second centuries AD:  ️ The Three Major Jewish–Roman Wars before the Gallus conflict  1. The First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE) Cause: Rising tensions over Roman taxation, religious interference, and corrupt governance. Key Events (some recorded by Flavius Josephus): Jewish rebels seized Jerusalem. Rome responded with a brutal siege led by General Titus. Destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE—an event that profoundly shaped Jewish history. Final resistance at Masada, where Jewish defenders committed mass suicide rather than surrender. Outcome: Massive loss of life, the destruction of Jerusalem, and the start of a widespread Jewish diaspora. 2. The Kitos War (115–117 CE) Cause: Jewish uprisings in Roman provinces like Egypt, Cyprus, and Cyrenaica during Emperor Trajan’s reign. Key Events: Jewish communities revolted violently against Roman rule. Roman retaliation was swift and severe. Outcome: Annihilation of Jewish populations in several regions; deepened Roman hostility toward Jews. 3. The Bar Kokhba Revolt (132–136 CE) Cause: Emperor Hadrian’s ban on circumcision and plans to build a Roman temple over the ruins of the Jewish Temple. Leader: Simon bar Kokhba, possibly seen by many as a messianic figure. Outcome: Massive Jewish casualties: Roman forces under Emperor Hadrian crushed the rebellion with overwhelming brutality. Ancient sources like Cassius Dio estimate 580,000 Jews killed, though this number is debated. Many towns and villages were razed, and survivors were enslaved or displaced. Destruction of Judea: The province was devastated. Archaeological evidence reveals widespread ruin, particularly in rebel strongholds like Betar, where Bar Kokhba made his final stand. End of Jewish political autonomy: The revolt ended hopes for a restored Jewish kingdom. Bar Kokhba, hailed by some as the Messiah, was killed, and no further large-scale Jewish military uprisings occurred in Judea. Religious and cultural suppression: Hadrian briefly banned circumcision, renamed Judea as Syria Palaestina to erase Jewish identity, and rebuilt Jerusalem as Aelia Capitolina, a Roman city with a temple to Jupiter on the Temple Mount. Diaspora deepens: The Jewish population in Judea was decimated. Many Jews fled or were exiled, speeding up the move toward a dispersed, diasporic identity. <img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/81Z5ojJnuqL._SL1500_.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" />[/QUOTE]

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