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<p>[QUOTE="GinoLR, post: 7973928, member: 128351"]Septimius Severus entered Rome several times during his carreer as Augustus. His first entry was in 193 during the "expeditio urbana". It is described by Cassius Dio who was himself part of the parade as a senator : <font size="3">"After doing this Severus entered Rome. He advanced as far as the gates on horseback and in cavalry costume, but there he changed to civilian attire and proceeded on foot; and the entire army, both infantry and cavalry, accompanied him in full armour. 4 The spectacle proved the most brilliant of any that I have witnessed; for the whole city had been decked with garlands of flowers and laurel and adorned with richly coloured stuffs, and it was ablaze with torches and burning incense; the citizens, wearing white robes and with radiant countenances, uttered many shouts of good omen; the soldiers, too, stood out conspicuous in their armour as they moved about like participants in some holiday procession; and finally, we senators were walking about in state. The crowd chafed in its eagerness to see him to hear him say something, as if he had been somehow changed by his good fortune; and some of them held one another aloft, that from a higher position they might catch sight of him."</font> This first <i>adventus </i>was not mentioned in coinage.</p><p><br /></p><p>After this, there was another one in 197 (or 196 cf. Curtis Clay) when back from the "<i>expeditio gallica</i>". This one is told by Herodian : "<font size="3">[3.8.3] When he had completed the journey at his usual rapid pace, he entered Rome, raging at Albinus' surviving friends. The citizens, carrying laurel branches, welcomed him with all honor and praise; the <a href="https://www.livius.org/articles/concept/senate/" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.livius.org/articles/concept/senate/" rel="nofollow">Senate</a> also came out to greet him, most of them standing before him in abject dread, convinced that he would not spare their lives."</font> This <i>adventus</i> was officially called "<i>adventus felicissimus</i>" as we can read on coins. [ATTACH]1383509[/ATTACH]</p><p> </p><p>He left Rome soon afterwards for his ambitious expedition against the Parthian Empire and was back in 202. A big <i>Adventus</i> celebration was organized at this occasion. The emperors (now there were 2 Augusti, Caracalla had been raised to this rank) came back by boat, as can be seen on aurei and denarii [ATTACH]1383510[/ATTACH] , and must have entered Rome the traditional way, on horseback and in military attire to the gate [ATTACH]1383511[/ATTACH] , then probably in toga inside the <i>pomoerium</i>. But I don't think we have literary testimonies left of this <i>adventus</i>.</p><p><br /></p><p>There are also some fake news : coins of Septimius Severus, or Caracalla, or Geta, with the name "<i>Britannicus</i>" the senate voted them in 210 while they were all in Britain, with the rev. legend "<i>Adventus Augusti</i>" [ATTACH]1383512[/ATTACH] . The Rome mint must have anticipated the coming back of the emperors. Caracalla and Geta did make this <i>adventus</i> in 211 or 212 but not Septimius Severus who died in York and only came back in a purple urn. (of course the coins are not mine !!! <img src="styles/default/xenforo/clear.png" class="mceSmilieSprite mceSmilie2" alt=";)" unselectable="on" unselectable="on" />)[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="GinoLR, post: 7973928, member: 128351"]Septimius Severus entered Rome several times during his carreer as Augustus. His first entry was in 193 during the "expeditio urbana". It is described by Cassius Dio who was himself part of the parade as a senator : [SIZE=3]"After doing this Severus entered Rome. He advanced as far as the gates on horseback and in cavalry costume, but there he changed to civilian attire and proceeded on foot; and the entire army, both infantry and cavalry, accompanied him in full armour. 4 The spectacle proved the most brilliant of any that I have witnessed; for the whole city had been decked with garlands of flowers and laurel and adorned with richly coloured stuffs, and it was ablaze with torches and burning incense; the citizens, wearing white robes and with radiant countenances, uttered many shouts of good omen; the soldiers, too, stood out conspicuous in their armour as they moved about like participants in some holiday procession; and finally, we senators were walking about in state. The crowd chafed in its eagerness to see him to hear him say something, as if he had been somehow changed by his good fortune; and some of them held one another aloft, that from a higher position they might catch sight of him."[/SIZE] This first [I]adventus [/I]was not mentioned in coinage. After this, there was another one in 197 (or 196 cf. Curtis Clay) when back from the "[I]expeditio gallica[/I]". This one is told by Herodian : "[SIZE=3][3.8.3] When he had completed the journey at his usual rapid pace, he entered Rome, raging at Albinus' surviving friends. The citizens, carrying laurel branches, welcomed him with all honor and praise; the [URL='https://www.livius.org/articles/concept/senate/']Senate[/URL] also came out to greet him, most of them standing before him in abject dread, convinced that he would not spare their lives."[/SIZE] This [I]adventus[/I] was officially called "[I]adventus felicissimus[/I]" as we can read on coins. [ATTACH]1383509[/ATTACH] He left Rome soon afterwards for his ambitious expedition against the Parthian Empire and was back in 202. A big [I]Adventus[/I] celebration was organized at this occasion. The emperors (now there were 2 Augusti, Caracalla had been raised to this rank) came back by boat, as can be seen on aurei and denarii [ATTACH]1383510[/ATTACH] , and must have entered Rome the traditional way, on horseback and in military attire to the gate [ATTACH]1383511[/ATTACH] , then probably in toga inside the [I]pomoerium[/I]. But I don't think we have literary testimonies left of this [I]adventus[/I]. There are also some fake news : coins of Septimius Severus, or Caracalla, or Geta, with the name "[I]Britannicus[/I]" the senate voted them in 210 while they were all in Britain, with the rev. legend "[I]Adventus Augusti[/I]" [ATTACH]1383512[/ATTACH] . The Rome mint must have anticipated the coming back of the emperors. Caracalla and Geta did make this [I]adventus[/I] in 211 or 212 but not Septimius Severus who died in York and only came back in a purple urn. (of course the coins are not mine !!! ;))[/QUOTE]
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