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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;Roman Collector, post: 3120704, member: 75937&quot;]Antiochus III, the younger son of Seleucus II, succeeded his assassinated brother, Seleucus III, in 223&nbsp; BC.&nbsp; Though barely nineteen, he immediately set out to regain the territory that his father and brother had lost.&nbsp; By a show of force and skillful diplomacy he formed alliances with neighboring rulers from Pergamum to northern India, often allowing opponents to retain their thrones in exchange for tribute. By 205&nbsp; BC he had formed such an extensive system of vassal kingdoms to the East that he adopted the ancient Persian title of &quot;the great&quot; (Ἀντίoχoς Μέγας) and promoted a royal cult in which he was worshiped as a god.</p><p><br /></p><p>In 200&nbsp; BC he defeated the Egyptian forces at Panias (Lebanon) and claimed control of Palestine and Phoenicia. The Jewish temple state of Jerusalem was granted special privileges for recognizing his suzerainty. In 195 BC, Antiochus invaded Egypt, forcing a peace treaty that finally formalized Ptolemaic recognition of Seleucid control of Syria and Palestine, territory that had been claimed by Seleucus I a century earlier. Subsequently, he led his forces to regain the cities of western Asia Minor that his father had lost.</p><p><br /></p><p>Eventually, though, he bit off more than he could chew and defied Roman warnings to not cross into Europe. Conflict with Rome became unavoidable when Antiochus gave refuge to Hannibal and made him his military adviser.&nbsp; He was routed by the Romans at Thermopylae in Greece and Magnesia, Asia Minor (191-190&nbsp; BC).&nbsp; To conclude a peace treaty he had to abandon western Asia Minor and allow his youngest son, Antiochus IV, to be taken to Rome as a hostage.</p><p><br /></p><p>He was killed while pillaging a temple of Ba&#039;al at Elymaïs, Persia, in 187 BC.</p><p><br /></p><p>Elephants are a common feature on coins of Antiochus III and other Seleukid rulers, such as this one of his daughter, Laodike IV, which I <a href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/syrian-seleucid-serrate.299421/#post-2791425" class="internalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/syrian-seleucid-serrate.299421/#post-2791425">illustrate in a previous thread</a>.</p><p><br /></p><p>Let&#039;s see your Seleucids, elephants, or anything you deem relevant!</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]793974[/ATTACH]</p><p>Antiochus III, 223-187 BC.</p><p>Seleucid Æ 2.41g, 13.6 mm, 11 h.</p><p>Lydia, Sardes.</p><p>Obv: Laureate head of Apollo right.</p><p>Rev:&nbsp; BAΣΙΛΕΩΣ ANTIOXOY, legend above and below elephant advancing left; upturned anchor before.</p><p>Refs: SC 979; HGC 9, 560; Newell, <i>WSM</i> 1114; SNG Spaer 615.</p><p><br /></p><p>~~~</p><p><br /></p><p>SC: A. Houghton &amp; C. Lorber. <i>Seleucid Coins: A Comprehensive Catalog</i>. Lancaster. 2002.</p><p><br /></p><p>HGC 9: O.D. Hoover. <i>The Handbook of Syrian Coins: Royal and Civic Issues, Fourth to First Centuries BC. The Handbook of Greek Coinage, Volume 9</i>. Lancaster, PA. 2009.</p><p><br /></p><p>WSM: E.T. Newell &amp; O. Mørkholm. <i>The Coinage of the Western Seleucid Mints from Seleucus I to Antiochus III</i>. <i>ANSNS</i> 4 (1977).[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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