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<p>[QUOTE="akeady, post: 3178250, member: 83175"]I agree with Doug's point, that rules referred to in other posts are modern efforts to standardise usage of Roman numerals, which were not followed by the Romans themselves.</p><p><br /></p><p>Here's a pic I took two weeks ago of the Fasti Praenestini from Rome's Palazzo Massimo - part of an early calendar by Verrius Flaccus, the tutor of Gaius & Lucius who would presumably have known his Roman numerals - <a href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/calendar/praenestini.html" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/calendar/praenestini.html" rel="nofollow">http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/calendar/praenestini.html</a></p><p><br /></p><p>18 is consistently written here as XIIX - e.g. see the rightmost column. The subtraction rule isn't used here for numbers less than 18 - i.e. 4 = IIII, 8 = VIII, 9 = VIIII, 14 = XIIII; but is used for 18 & 19 - XIIX, XIX.</p><p><br /></p><p><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/dc5g4pj3KIAyqK81weIh6CLvO-lhKCvY_XHgqXmmLe6K_qWMrU_u2CmxaAuNDJWxZAi0hkkeentRNzEwmTVRvn7xO5cy15o3peNbOQw0ttK8V7ank54gTFd7aEMnLQtWc5CqTubUqm92hxEJhDWKT3cMb77UwcqPGM316hEMZ_TtJ0yzR2t1iMlIBj6kC01GRjnYCIHe-bs7HjD225E8BYJ3VTOMEgbgoGkKX-qi0w4pBIqlbkCZqNZQXPCXAs3WwP-KO73ziiy-qWmDFweT5kpW1Dg_CD5Q90H61Yb7KsS-quSr_yHZoj67k_c-N44xbaQGSjhGO_ouq_0M3SCIQzv6Q3b0JZODn-_DUEdwVl2tUFBI7vVZzFn4OvhlnQ0Xa44r7Odu2fTOX3LysPfe_yxR3UBlaMt94p1aZOxMC3ARjrgOJVgOJZ74OZRb8Hj32kIDQJJSAy1Iuq9e19hYZ3eQTgXE0LWERZqbzHlHMj4ZiW9ROqr2ZaW0O70IF7IwcI6XK-QTeMAGVrYkbcasCBMPiR1jLnKXjkmvk5RgjyzsMEAq3EvLwhhK9Dq5e-mE6pse6i1On27qxC1IqjpE60tT7FGQDFac094JJHBERlz1rpbQLFQvDNZBRff0lez6hEYmo0WBgB7vTLp7rsZPQZKZ-hfNtcxoHwVIAtsDcAEZ7L-k2J2Iw4sfRQ=w1190-h578-no" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></p><p><br /></p><p>Sorry - that was unreadable - here's a zoomed-in version of part of the rightmost column/month:</p><p><br /></p><p><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/Ma4yFbed45cC3ZmBWJdGUSNH1Angn5yiGFCJtisyv8in_cYvCxLlMZ69pQTkit4ZwMOUZ_Z8LBkV1Jfgs-o3ViKhG-VMJiy_kC8zz6ZuEKsfWjNMIjydkvtIn2SYXSDNh0xv2PwTAjw4Qfj7M97PzyBmnw835txucjNWQPtd08ixlZw7dKCDZWzmZ1oUsSAOKCjy8Ky6cbt5gmOOCOO5wRbmilHW3HM5DdLkiqs81HNBwK9KemC58JSpV3WeSYq4wFwEOPmfok04oevehcNoTY3G9ItnWRXN0sAihAueagq1oHXS4Gsu_kkCiaeFXmiFhcEP5nA6zB-T5pSNs6M0tPgJFHDsgGeFxAtFKv0MMF-W02WlUQHMFtrYzU1Ny8hjrFEJPdKUGGbDooNsUZtj6219k1K4V9qqkKQEYuRKOV7vNSPOST7eXLGyjIcfW-zP2tCI5OcPgC9VHHKHNxi6zuEnwCb7LFrs9PTvXV4uYKBJE1q3hpbC3xiIdGpa9p6aSBcpLBznwmO-CA44gUsVjX8i4XCZr4ROm9d19FMwPPx6ylOLNtWoRsy0VDe1sXthgh8JoFkgLuGfaS2zkNsXY2MgDyH8NWAP4X96fhvoafore-KRhjx9P3KYFKyb15PvTwooHIWfskSuVtaSGasz5wYJH8Rd4w1iVUG8ZK7XxUqfehIrcCz5Fbatgw=w563-h578-no" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></p><p><br /></p><p>ATB,</p><p>Aidan.[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="akeady, post: 3178250, member: 83175"]I agree with Doug's point, that rules referred to in other posts are modern efforts to standardise usage of Roman numerals, which were not followed by the Romans themselves. Here's a pic I took two weeks ago of the Fasti Praenestini from Rome's Palazzo Massimo - part of an early calendar by Verrius Flaccus, the tutor of Gaius & Lucius who would presumably have known his Roman numerals - [url]http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/calendar/praenestini.html[/url] 18 is consistently written here as XIIX - e.g. see the rightmost column. The subtraction rule isn't used here for numbers less than 18 - i.e. 4 = IIII, 8 = VIII, 9 = VIIII, 14 = XIIII; but is used for 18 & 19 - XIIX, XIX. [IMG]https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/dc5g4pj3KIAyqK81weIh6CLvO-lhKCvY_XHgqXmmLe6K_qWMrU_u2CmxaAuNDJWxZAi0hkkeentRNzEwmTVRvn7xO5cy15o3peNbOQw0ttK8V7ank54gTFd7aEMnLQtWc5CqTubUqm92hxEJhDWKT3cMb77UwcqPGM316hEMZ_TtJ0yzR2t1iMlIBj6kC01GRjnYCIHe-bs7HjD225E8BYJ3VTOMEgbgoGkKX-qi0w4pBIqlbkCZqNZQXPCXAs3WwP-KO73ziiy-qWmDFweT5kpW1Dg_CD5Q90H61Yb7KsS-quSr_yHZoj67k_c-N44xbaQGSjhGO_ouq_0M3SCIQzv6Q3b0JZODn-_DUEdwVl2tUFBI7vVZzFn4OvhlnQ0Xa44r7Odu2fTOX3LysPfe_yxR3UBlaMt94p1aZOxMC3ARjrgOJVgOJZ74OZRb8Hj32kIDQJJSAy1Iuq9e19hYZ3eQTgXE0LWERZqbzHlHMj4ZiW9ROqr2ZaW0O70IF7IwcI6XK-QTeMAGVrYkbcasCBMPiR1jLnKXjkmvk5RgjyzsMEAq3EvLwhhK9Dq5e-mE6pse6i1On27qxC1IqjpE60tT7FGQDFac094JJHBERlz1rpbQLFQvDNZBRff0lez6hEYmo0WBgB7vTLp7rsZPQZKZ-hfNtcxoHwVIAtsDcAEZ7L-k2J2Iw4sfRQ=w1190-h578-no[/IMG] Sorry - that was unreadable - here's a zoomed-in version of part of the rightmost column/month: [IMG]https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/Ma4yFbed45cC3ZmBWJdGUSNH1Angn5yiGFCJtisyv8in_cYvCxLlMZ69pQTkit4ZwMOUZ_Z8LBkV1Jfgs-o3ViKhG-VMJiy_kC8zz6ZuEKsfWjNMIjydkvtIn2SYXSDNh0xv2PwTAjw4Qfj7M97PzyBmnw835txucjNWQPtd08ixlZw7dKCDZWzmZ1oUsSAOKCjy8Ky6cbt5gmOOCOO5wRbmilHW3HM5DdLkiqs81HNBwK9KemC58JSpV3WeSYq4wFwEOPmfok04oevehcNoTY3G9ItnWRXN0sAihAueagq1oHXS4Gsu_kkCiaeFXmiFhcEP5nA6zB-T5pSNs6M0tPgJFHDsgGeFxAtFKv0MMF-W02WlUQHMFtrYzU1Ny8hjrFEJPdKUGGbDooNsUZtj6219k1K4V9qqkKQEYuRKOV7vNSPOST7eXLGyjIcfW-zP2tCI5OcPgC9VHHKHNxi6zuEnwCb7LFrs9PTvXV4uYKBJE1q3hpbC3xiIdGpa9p6aSBcpLBznwmO-CA44gUsVjX8i4XCZr4ROm9d19FMwPPx6ylOLNtWoRsy0VDe1sXthgh8JoFkgLuGfaS2zkNsXY2MgDyH8NWAP4X96fhvoafore-KRhjx9P3KYFKyb15PvTwooHIWfskSuVtaSGasz5wYJH8Rd4w1iVUG8ZK7XxUqfehIrcCz5Fbatgw=w563-h578-no[/IMG] ATB, Aidan.[/QUOTE]
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