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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;Sulla80, post: 7259225, member: 99456&quot;]Congrats on the 50 RR denarius milestone, [USER=110350]@DonnaML[/USER].&nbsp; Is it just me or has CT gotten a lot quieter lately?&nbsp; Here&#039;s my denarius of the father, from the time of the Social Wars, 91-87 BC, that led to the Romanization of Italy.</p><p><br /></p><p>[USER=19463]@dougsmit[/USER], I enjoyed <a href="http://www.forumancientcoins.com/dougsmith/acmfrugi.html" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.forumancientcoins.com/dougsmith/acmfrugi.html" rel="nofollow">your post</a>, on these coins of the Roman oligarchy <img src="styles/default/xenforo/clear.png" class="mceSmilieSprite mceSmilie1" alt=":)" unselectable="on" unselectable="on" /> and this observation: &quot;Others may find humor in the epithet <i>FRVGI</i> (the frugal) used by the man responsible for more denarii than any before him. He was frugal in his duties. Both this coin and the next are good silver weighing 3.7g. We will each see different things of interest in our coins. Such is the hobby.&quot;</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1275160[/ATTACH]</p><p><b>L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi</b>, 90 BC, AR Denarius</p><p><b>Obv:</b> Laureate head of Apollo right; star behind; P below chin</p><p><b>Rev:</b> Naked horseman galloping right, holding long palm; above, D/•</p><p><b>Ref:</b> Crawford 340/1; Sydenham 664; Calpurnia 11</p><p><br /></p><p>The Victory perhaps a sign of progress in the Social war or hoped for progress.&nbsp; Livy writes of the move to make the Ludi Apollinares permanent in 211 BC (Calpurnius, praetor, and the ancestor of the moneyer).</p><p><br /></p><p>&quot;The Games of Apollo had been exhibited the previous year, and when the question of their repetition the next year was moved by the praetor Calpurnius, the senate passed a decree that they should be observed for all time.&quot;</p><p>-Livy <a href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Liv.+26+23.3" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Liv.+26+23.3" rel="nofollow">XXVI.23.3</a></p><p><br /></p><p>Livy challenges the alternate version that the games were made permanent in 208 in response to a severe plague.&nbsp; Here&#039;s the quinarius from this series.</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1275162[/ATTACH] </p><p><b>L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi</b>, 90 BC, AR Quinarius, Rome mint</p><p><b>Obv:</b> Laureate head of Apollo right; bow control mark behind, S: control mark below chin</p><p><b>Rev:</b> PI-SO with victory between, standing left, holding wreath and palm frond over shoulder, FRVGI in exergue</p><p><b>Ref:</b> Crawford 340/2g (control on obv both behind and below chin)</p><p><br /></p><p>And a coin of the son, Cicero&#039;s son-in-law.&nbsp; Gaius was betrothed to Tullia around 66 BC and they subsequently married in 63 BC when both were in their teens.</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1275159[/ATTACH]</p><p><b>C. Calpurnius L.f. Frugi</b>, 61 BC, Denarius, Rome</p><p><b>Obv: </b>Laureate head of Apollo to right; behind, CLX</p><p><b>Rev:</b> C PISO L F FRV Horseman galloping right, holding palm frond over his left shoulder; above, Э•</p><p><b>Ref:</b> Babelon (Calpurnia) 24. Crawford 408/1b. RBW</p><p><br /></p><p>Gaius died in 56 BC and Tullia married Furius Crassipes.&nbsp; Cicero was exiled at the time of Gaius&#039; death and wrote of him:</p><p><br /></p><p>&quot;That excellent man Piso, my son-in-law, who was not allowed time to receive the reward of his affection, either from me or from the Roman people, kept beseeching his relation to give him back his father-in-law.&quot;</p><p>-Cicero, <a href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Cic.%20Sest.%2068" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Cic.%20Sest.%2068" rel="nofollow">Pro Sestius 68</a>[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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