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<p>[QUOTE="ancientnut, post: 2443880, member: 73212"]“As distinct from the man-faced bull [see Part 1], there is a possibility that an ordinary bull was sometimes used as a coin-type to represent a river-god. This has been argued with special reference to the bull type of Thurii; and it is perhaps significant that the bull at Thurii is normally accompanied by a…fish [in the exergue],…that is often associated with other river-god types at other mints (e.g. Gela…Catana [see Part 1, coin 5], Camarina). Bull types [without fish in exergue] which may have a similar signification are found in the coinage of [several cities including] Poseidonia in Italy…”</p><p><br /></p><p> [ATTACH=full]509690[/ATTACH]</p><p>1. Thurium, Lucania, AR stater, c 443-400 BC. Reverse: Bull standing left on exergual line; in exergue, fish swimming left.</p><p><br /></p><p><img src="https://www.sixbid.com/images/auction_images/2770/2337745l.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></p><p><br /></p><p>2. Thurium, Lucania, AR Double Nomos or Distater, c 413-412 BC. Reverse: Bull butting right on double exergual lines; in exergue, fish swimming right.</p><p>[ATTACH=full]509691[/ATTACH]</p><p><br /></p><p>3. Poseidonia, Lucania, AR stater, c 430-420 BC. Reverse: Bull walking left on two dotted exergual lines.</p><p><br /></p><p>From c 460 BC river-gods also appear on coins in human form, either as a full-length figure or the head only. Some exhibit no bull characteristics, but others have bull’s horns or ears. They first appear as youthful, naked figures on tetradrachms and didrachms of Selinus.</p><p><br /></p><p><img src="https://www.acsearch.info/media/images/archive/50/1150/921822.m.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></p><p><br /></p><p>4. Selinus, Sicily, AR tetradrachm, c 460-440 BC. Reverse: Youthful, naked river-god Selinos, standing left, holding patera over altar and branch; rooster on altar, bull on pedestal and selinon (celery) leaf to right.</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]509692[/ATTACH]</p><p><br /></p><p>5. Selinus, Sicily, AR didrachm, c 460-440 BC. Reverse: Youthful, naked river-god Hypsas, standing left, holding branch and patera, pouring libation over altar around which a serpent twines; to right, heron walking right; above, selinon (celery) leaf. Herons are birds that live in or near water and are, therefore, an appropriate attribute of a river-god.</p><p><br /></p><p>Segesta issed a tetradrachm with a full-length figure of the river-god Krimissos with his dogs. Jenkins says “…there is a good basis in mythology for regarding the dog, both here and on the didrachms, where it alone forms the obverse type, as itself another form of the river-god.”</p><p><br /></p><p><img src="http://www.cngcoins.com/photos/enlarged/98000373.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></p><p><br /></p><p>6. Segesta, Sicily, AR didrachm, c 412-400 BC. Obverse: Dog advancing right, on the scent; wheat stalk with three grain ears in background.</p><p><br /></p><p>There are many other examples of these human forms of river-gods, struck in both silver and bronze. Post your coins with full figures or heads of <b>NON-MFB</b> river-gods.</p><p><br /></p><p>Notes:</p><p><br /></p><p>- As in Part 1, all quotes and information are excerpted from Jenkins, G. Kenneth, The Coinage of Gela, 1970, “River Gods”, pages 165-175.</p><p><br /></p><p>- Nicholas J. Molinari and Nicola Sisci provide a comprehensive catalog of bronze, silver, and gold coins with man-faced bulls at these sites:</p><p><a href="https://manfacedbulls.wordpress.com/" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://manfacedbulls.wordpress.com/" rel="nofollow">https://manfacedbulls.wordpress.com/</a></p><p><a href="https://manfacedbullsar.wordpress.com/" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://manfacedbullsar.wordpress.com/" rel="nofollow">https://manfacedbullsar.wordpress.com/</a></p><p><a href="https://manfacedbullsau.wordpress.com/" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://manfacedbullsau.wordpress.com/" rel="nofollow">https://manfacedbullsau.wordpress.com/</a></p><p><br /></p><p>- All coins, with the exception of 4, are in my collection.[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="ancientnut, post: 2443880, member: 73212"]“As distinct from the man-faced bull [see Part 1], there is a possibility that an ordinary bull was sometimes used as a coin-type to represent a river-god. This has been argued with special reference to the bull type of Thurii; and it is perhaps significant that the bull at Thurii is normally accompanied by a…fish [in the exergue],…that is often associated with other river-god types at other mints (e.g. Gela…Catana [see Part 1, coin 5], Camarina). Bull types [without fish in exergue] which may have a similar signification are found in the coinage of [several cities including] Poseidonia in Italy…” [ATTACH=full]509690[/ATTACH] 1. Thurium, Lucania, AR stater, c 443-400 BC. Reverse: Bull standing left on exergual line; in exergue, fish swimming left. [IMG]https://www.sixbid.com/images/auction_images/2770/2337745l.jpg[/IMG] 2. Thurium, Lucania, AR Double Nomos or Distater, c 413-412 BC. Reverse: Bull butting right on double exergual lines; in exergue, fish swimming right. [ATTACH=full]509691[/ATTACH] 3. Poseidonia, Lucania, AR stater, c 430-420 BC. Reverse: Bull walking left on two dotted exergual lines. From c 460 BC river-gods also appear on coins in human form, either as a full-length figure or the head only. Some exhibit no bull characteristics, but others have bull’s horns or ears. They first appear as youthful, naked figures on tetradrachms and didrachms of Selinus. [IMG]https://www.acsearch.info/media/images/archive/50/1150/921822.m.jpg[/IMG] 4. Selinus, Sicily, AR tetradrachm, c 460-440 BC. Reverse: Youthful, naked river-god Selinos, standing left, holding patera over altar and branch; rooster on altar, bull on pedestal and selinon (celery) leaf to right. [ATTACH=full]509692[/ATTACH] 5. Selinus, Sicily, AR didrachm, c 460-440 BC. Reverse: Youthful, naked river-god Hypsas, standing left, holding branch and patera, pouring libation over altar around which a serpent twines; to right, heron walking right; above, selinon (celery) leaf. Herons are birds that live in or near water and are, therefore, an appropriate attribute of a river-god. Segesta issed a tetradrachm with a full-length figure of the river-god Krimissos with his dogs. Jenkins says “…there is a good basis in mythology for regarding the dog, both here and on the didrachms, where it alone forms the obverse type, as itself another form of the river-god.” [IMG]http://www.cngcoins.com/photos/enlarged/98000373.jpg[/IMG] 6. Segesta, Sicily, AR didrachm, c 412-400 BC. Obverse: Dog advancing right, on the scent; wheat stalk with three grain ears in background. There are many other examples of these human forms of river-gods, struck in both silver and bronze. Post your coins with full figures or heads of [B]NON-MFB[/B] river-gods. Notes: - As in Part 1, all quotes and information are excerpted from Jenkins, G. Kenneth, The Coinage of Gela, 1970, “River Gods”, pages 165-175. - Nicholas J. Molinari and Nicola Sisci provide a comprehensive catalog of bronze, silver, and gold coins with man-faced bulls at these sites: [url]https://manfacedbulls.wordpress.com/[/url] [url]https://manfacedbullsar.wordpress.com/[/url] [url]https://manfacedbullsau.wordpress.com/[/url] - All coins, with the exception of 4, are in my collection.[/QUOTE]
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