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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;FitzNigel, post: 2697093, member: 74712&quot;]Well, I&#039;ve been waiting to do a post on Richard myself, but after giving up on trying to grab one of his Cyprus Crusader issues from the recent ROMA auction, I&#039;ll just unload here.</p><p><br /></p><p>I don&#039;t have an issue from Aquitaine (yet), and the issue from Issoudun is nearly impossible to find (with half in museums).&nbsp; My first ever medieval coin was an issue of Richard&#039;s from Poitou:</p><p>[ATTACH=full]606206[/ATTACH] </p><p>French Feudal, Poitou</p><p>Richard I, r. 1168-1185</p><p>AR Denier, 17mm x 1 grams</p><p>Obv.: +RICARDUS REX, cross patée, annulet in third quarter</p><p>Rev.: PIC / TAVIE / NSIS, written in three parallel lines</p><p>Ref.: AGC 343A (1/a), Duplessy 926, Roberts 3887, SCBC 8008, De Wit 394</p><p><br /></p><p>While mint and moneyer can help attribute some of the English coins of Richard apart from his father and brother, you are correct in stating it is dependent on style.&nbsp; One of the standard styles that tells Richard&#039;s coins apart from others is the existence of seven pearls on his crown:</p><p>[ATTACH=full]606207[/ATTACH] </p><p>England</p><p>Richard I, r. 1189-1199 A.D.</p><p>London Mint, AR Short Cross Penny, 20.06mm x 1.8 grams</p><p>Obv.: [hEN]RICVS R[EX].&nbsp; Bust facing seven pearled crown with sceptre</p><p>Rev.: +[RIC]ARD . ON . LVN.&nbsp; Short cross voided with quatrefoil in each angle</p><p>Ref.: North 967, SCBC 1347, CC99 R11D-010, De Witt 3193</p><p><br /></p><p>When Richard was returning from the third Crusade, he was captured by the Duke of Austria and held for ransom.&nbsp; John back in England was this in charge of raising this ransom, and it was paid in many of these short cross styled pennies.&nbsp; Because of the heavy weight and fitness of these English pennies, the style would be frequently copied throughout the Holy Roman Empire:</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]606208[/ATTACH] </p><p>German States, Osnabrück</p><p>Bishop Konrad I von Velber, r. 1227-1239 (1236-39)</p><p>AR Pfenning, 17.71 mm x 1 gram</p><p>Obv.: SANCT&#039; PE[T&#039;]. Head of St. Peter facing holding key</p><p>Rev.: +CON[RAD]VS EPC&#039;.&nbsp; Voided short cross with quatrefoil in each angle</p><p>Note: Imitation of Short Cross Sterling.[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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