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<p>[QUOTE="FitzNigel, post: 2502218, member: 74712"]Hello everyone - I recently found a bit of a steal in a local junk shop, and while this might not be ancient, it is still hammered so I thought it would be appropriate to post here. This type of coin was called 'Maddonnenmunzen,' and it is said that the beginning of this design and minting of these coins marks the beginning of the Renaissance in Hungary. It depicts the Virgin Mary with baby Jesus on one side, and a coat of arms on the other. These are also the first coins in Hungary to be dated.</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]530966[/ATTACH] </p><p>Hungary</p><p>Ferdinand I, r. 1526-1564 (1554)</p><p>Kremnitz Mint, AR Denier, 15.82mm x 0.3 grams</p><p>Obv.: FERDINAND· D·G·R· VNG· 1554·, Coat of arms</p><p>Rev.: PATRONA· * ·VNGARIE, Madonna and Child, mintmark K B on either side</p><p><br /></p><p>This particular coin was minted by Frederick I, but the design began during the reign of Matthias Corvinus in the fifteenth century. As for Frederick, he would essentially form the Hapsburg monarchy. The Hapsburgs as a family had come to power in the thirteenth century, but due to extensive marriage alliances, members of the Hapsburg family would come to rule Spain, Sardinia, Sicily, Southern Italy, Austria, Hungary, Bohemia, and various other lands both inside and outside the Holy Roman Empire (there were two major branches - Ferdinand was from the Austrian branch). The height of the family's power would be in the 17th century, so Ferdinand's consolidation of the ancestral lands of Austria and Slovenia with Bohemia and Hungary would yield tremendous results. </p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]530967[/ATTACH] </p><p><font size="3">Hapsburg Lands, showing both the Spanish and Austrian branches. Ferdinand I was the major founder of the Austrian Hapsburgs.</font></p><p><br /></p><p>While Ferdinand would come to Inherit Hungary through marriage, he would not succeed in holding all of it. Ferdinand would have to defend his rule of Hungary by defeating a rival claimant to the Hungarian throne in 1527 and again in 1528. Ferdinand's defeated rival fled to the Ottoman Turks to seek their help to secure Hungary for himself. The Ottomans had already conquered Constantinople and were in the process of slowly moving into Europe. With the loyalty of the Hungarian nobles split, the Ottomans were able to to take over about 2/3 of the kingdom, leaving Ferdinand with only the Western most part. </p><p><br /></p><p>The story of Hungary is then a series of battles, wins and losses, and occasional agreements of peace made between Ferdinand and the Ottoman Turks. The year this coin was minted saw an attempt by Ferdinand to establish a permanent border with the Turks in Hungary, but his emissary to Istanbul came back with nothing. The wars with the Ottomans, however, kept both Ferdinand and his brother (the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V) so busy, that they could do little to stop an internal threat to the religious unity of their territories. </p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]530968[/ATTACH] </p><p><font size="3">Woodblock print showing the German Princes and Emperor Charles V gathering at Augsburg to agree on the Peace of Augsburg.</font></p><p><br /></p><p>This was the beginnings of the Reformation. While Charles V was Holy Roman Emperor, he did little to try to suppress the preaching of Martin Luther, rather leaving the mess mostly in the hands of the church. Perhaps he could have been more forceful and crushed those who were attempting to break away from the Catholic Church, but Luther's message was appealing to many of the Princes of Germany, and Charles needed their support for the wars against the Turks. Charles would attempt a religious compromise by agreeing to the Peace of Augsburg in 1555. This was a monumental agreement that allowed the German Princes to choose whether they followed Catholicism or Lutheranism, and essentially established the notion that there was more than one sect of Christianity (excepting Eastern Orthodox of course...). When Charles died and Ferdinand was elected Emperor, he too was at the whim of the German princes: such was the position of the Roman Emperors at this point, that being elected meant keeping their electors happy. </p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]530969[/ATTACH] </p><p><font size="3">The Kremnica Mint in modern-day Slovakia. It was founded in 1328.</font></p><p><br /></p><p>So my cheap coin pick-up has turned out to have some fascinating historical connections, but there is one last little trinket of information, found the the mintmark. The 'K B' on either side of the Virgin stands for the city of Kremnitz (Kremnica), today in modern Slovakia. The mint began producing coins in the 14th century with a 'C' mintmark for its Latin name, which was replaced by a 'K' in the 15th century, and eventually the 'K B.' The mint is still producing coins to this day, and its website can be found here.</p><p><br /></p><p><font size="3">Sources:</font></p><p><font size="3"><a href="http://www.natradioco.com/rdey/MedievalCoins_RLD.htm" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.natradioco.com/rdey/MedievalCoins_RLD.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.natradioco.com/rdey/MedievalCoins_RLD.htm</a></font></p><p><font size="3"><a href="http://www.medievalcoinage.com/gallery/hungary-habsburg.htm" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.medievalcoinage.com/gallery/hungary-habsburg.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.medievalcoinage.com/gallery/hungary-habsburg.htm</a></font></p><p><font size="3"><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habsburg_Monarchy" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habsburg_Monarchy" rel="nofollow">https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habsburg_Monarchy</a></font></p><p><font size="3"><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" rel="nofollow">https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor</a></font></p><p><font size="3"><a href="http://www.mint.sk" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.mint.sk" rel="nofollow">http://www.mint.sk</a></font>[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="FitzNigel, post: 2502218, member: 74712"]Hello everyone - I recently found a bit of a steal in a local junk shop, and while this might not be ancient, it is still hammered so I thought it would be appropriate to post here. This type of coin was called 'Maddonnenmunzen,' and it is said that the beginning of this design and minting of these coins marks the beginning of the Renaissance in Hungary. It depicts the Virgin Mary with baby Jesus on one side, and a coat of arms on the other. These are also the first coins in Hungary to be dated. [ATTACH=full]530966[/ATTACH] Hungary Ferdinand I, r. 1526-1564 (1554) Kremnitz Mint, AR Denier, 15.82mm x 0.3 grams Obv.: FERDINAND· D·G·R· VNG· 1554·, Coat of arms Rev.: PATRONA· * ·VNGARIE, Madonna and Child, mintmark K B on either side This particular coin was minted by Frederick I, but the design began during the reign of Matthias Corvinus in the fifteenth century. As for Frederick, he would essentially form the Hapsburg monarchy. The Hapsburgs as a family had come to power in the thirteenth century, but due to extensive marriage alliances, members of the Hapsburg family would come to rule Spain, Sardinia, Sicily, Southern Italy, Austria, Hungary, Bohemia, and various other lands both inside and outside the Holy Roman Empire (there were two major branches - Ferdinand was from the Austrian branch). The height of the family's power would be in the 17th century, so Ferdinand's consolidation of the ancestral lands of Austria and Slovenia with Bohemia and Hungary would yield tremendous results. [ATTACH=full]530967[/ATTACH] [SIZE=3]Hapsburg Lands, showing both the Spanish and Austrian branches. Ferdinand I was the major founder of the Austrian Hapsburgs.[/SIZE] While Ferdinand would come to Inherit Hungary through marriage, he would not succeed in holding all of it. Ferdinand would have to defend his rule of Hungary by defeating a rival claimant to the Hungarian throne in 1527 and again in 1528. Ferdinand's defeated rival fled to the Ottoman Turks to seek their help to secure Hungary for himself. The Ottomans had already conquered Constantinople and were in the process of slowly moving into Europe. With the loyalty of the Hungarian nobles split, the Ottomans were able to to take over about 2/3 of the kingdom, leaving Ferdinand with only the Western most part. The story of Hungary is then a series of battles, wins and losses, and occasional agreements of peace made between Ferdinand and the Ottoman Turks. The year this coin was minted saw an attempt by Ferdinand to establish a permanent border with the Turks in Hungary, but his emissary to Istanbul came back with nothing. The wars with the Ottomans, however, kept both Ferdinand and his brother (the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V) so busy, that they could do little to stop an internal threat to the religious unity of their territories. [ATTACH=full]530968[/ATTACH] [SIZE=3]Woodblock print showing the German Princes and Emperor Charles V gathering at Augsburg to agree on the Peace of Augsburg.[/SIZE] This was the beginnings of the Reformation. While Charles V was Holy Roman Emperor, he did little to try to suppress the preaching of Martin Luther, rather leaving the mess mostly in the hands of the church. Perhaps he could have been more forceful and crushed those who were attempting to break away from the Catholic Church, but Luther's message was appealing to many of the Princes of Germany, and Charles needed their support for the wars against the Turks. Charles would attempt a religious compromise by agreeing to the Peace of Augsburg in 1555. This was a monumental agreement that allowed the German Princes to choose whether they followed Catholicism or Lutheranism, and essentially established the notion that there was more than one sect of Christianity (excepting Eastern Orthodox of course...). When Charles died and Ferdinand was elected Emperor, he too was at the whim of the German princes: such was the position of the Roman Emperors at this point, that being elected meant keeping their electors happy. [ATTACH=full]530969[/ATTACH] [SIZE=3]The Kremnica Mint in modern-day Slovakia. It was founded in 1328.[/SIZE] So my cheap coin pick-up has turned out to have some fascinating historical connections, but there is one last little trinket of information, found the the mintmark. The 'K B' on either side of the Virgin stands for the city of Kremnitz (Kremnica), today in modern Slovakia. The mint began producing coins in the 14th century with a 'C' mintmark for its Latin name, which was replaced by a 'K' in the 15th century, and eventually the 'K B.' The mint is still producing coins to this day, and its website can be found here. [SIZE=3]Sources: [url]http://www.natradioco.com/rdey/MedievalCoins_RLD.htm[/url] [url]http://www.medievalcoinage.com/gallery/hungary-habsburg.htm[/url] [url]https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habsburg_Monarchy[/url] [url]https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor[/url] [url]http://www.mint.sk[/url][/SIZE][/QUOTE]
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