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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;+VGO.DVCKS, post: 7990395, member: 110504&quot;]Fantastic thread, [USER=56653]@seth77[/USER].&nbsp; As threatened when you referenced this in one of mine (sssSure: <a href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/the-lrb-campgate-as-immortalized-ha-ha-in-the-9th-and-11th-centuries.388018/#post-7965195" class="internalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/the-lrb-campgate-as-immortalized-ha-ha-in-the-9th-and-11th-centuries.388018/#post-7965195">https://www.cointalk.com/threads/the-lrb-campgate-as-immortalized-ha-ha-in-the-9th-and-11th-centuries.388018/#post-7965195</a> --giving your post pride of place), here are some to complement and expand the theme.</p><p>First, here&#039;s my pougeoise of Raymond III.&nbsp; Not as good, but a favorite anyway.</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1386438[/ATTACH]</p><p>...And then there are the late 12th-earlier 13th century ones of the Lusignan kingdom of Cyprus.&nbsp; The last one is a close copy of the ones of Genoa, from the same period as your pougoise of Bohemond V (above).</p><p>Regarding that development, here and on the mainland, I have to wonder whether one other factor was in play.&nbsp; Especially since, as you note, the Genoese and Pisans were very active throughout the Frankish Levant from the early 12th century, as merchants and occasional naval auxiliaries --notably in the capture of Tripoli itself, in 1109 (cf. Richard, <u>The Crusades</u>, 141).&nbsp; By the 1230s, the 12th-century deniers of the kingdom of Jerusalem were probably becoming less common in circulation, leading both the prince /count and king to fall back on the ubiquitous Genoes denaros as a new prototype.&nbsp; Up until then, even in the maritime kingdom of Cyprus, the motif more closely resembles the Tower of David of Baldwin III.&nbsp; (One example: )</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1386453[/ATTACH]</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1386457[/ATTACH]</p><p>Baldwin III, King of Jerusalem 1143-1163.&nbsp; Denier.</p><p>Obv.&nbsp; BALdVINVS RE[X].</p><p>Rev. +dE IERVSALEM.&nbsp; (Malloy (1994), Jerusalem 16...with several variants based, Rats, on the obverse &quot;X&quot;.&nbsp; Had to have been how it went as cheaply as it did.)</p><p><br /></p><p>In Cyprus, Gui de Lusignan (who had lost Jerusalem at the Battle of Hattin in 1187) was issuing deniers with a similar motif.&nbsp; --He could hardly imitate the later issues of Aumary and his successors, which replaced the Tower of David with an equally schematic rendering of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre (largely rebuilt during Amalric&#039;s reign, in the 1160s and &#039;70s).</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1386466[/ATTACH]</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1386469[/ATTACH]</p><p>Kingdom of Cyprus.&nbsp; Gui de Lusignan, 1192-1194.&nbsp; Denier.</p><p>Obv. Gateway,star inside.&nbsp; +REX GVIDO.</p><p>Rev. Cross; pellets in first and fourth, crescents in second and third angles.</p><p>+D[E C]I[P]RO, punctuated by at least one annulet (as in the retrograde legend in 3c).&nbsp; (Malloy, Cyprus 3b.)</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1386479[/ATTACH]</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1386480[/ATTACH]</p><p>Hugh I, 1205-1218.</p><p>Obv.&nbsp; Cross; crescents in first and (?) third angles; annulets in second and fourth.</p><p>(From 11 oc&#039;clock: )&nbsp; +hVGO REX.</p><p>Rev.&nbsp; Gateway; +.Cy[annulet; PRi.&nbsp; (Malloy, Cyprus 14b.)</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1386496[/ATTACH]</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1386497[/ATTACH]</p><p>Henri I, 1218-1253.&nbsp; Denier.</p><p>Obv.&nbsp; +hENR[iC]VS:</p><p>Rev.&nbsp; Very Genoese gateway.&nbsp; +REX CyPR<i>:&nbsp; (</i>Malloy, Cyprus 25.)</p><p>...Since it&#039;s going on as I post this, here&#039;s a very cool thread on the theme of imitation: <a href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/post-a-coin-and-its-imitation.388490/" class="internalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/post-a-coin-and-its-imitation.388490/">https://www.cointalk.com/threads/post-a-coin-and-its-imitation.388490/</a>[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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