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<p>[QUOTE="Sulla80, post: 4644463, member: 99456"][ATTACH=full]1147608[/ATTACH]</p><p><font size="2">Public Domain, Thanks to the <a href="http://www.getty.edu/art/collection/objects/105178/boucicaut-master-or-workshop-prusias-ii-king-of-bithynia-reduced-to-begging-french-about-1413-1415/?dz=0.5884,0.5884,0.40" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.getty.edu/art/collection/objects/105178/boucicaut-master-or-workshop-prusias-ii-king-of-bithynia-reduced-to-begging-french-about-1413-1415/?dz=0.5884,0.5884,0.40" rel="nofollow">Getty Museum Open Content Program</a></font></p><p><font size="2"><br /></font></p><p><font size="5">I</font>n a previous <a href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/a-tropaion-turning-point-to-victory.359328/" class="internalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/a-tropaion-turning-point-to-victory.359328/">post</a>, I shared a coin from Pergamon, Mysia. [USER=90981]@Shea19[/USER] added a coin of Prussias II, King of Bithynia, who took territory from Pergamon....here's my new addition, a coin of Prusias II. Researching the coin has been a wandering path with stops in Pergamon, Bithynia, Thessaly, the Seleucid Empire, Rome and Carthage.</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1147619[/ATTACH]</p><p><font size="3"><b>Kings of Bithynia, Prusias II Cynegos</b>, reigned 182-149 BC, Nikomedia, Bronze Æ</font></p><p><font size="3"><b>Obv:</b> Draped bust of Dionysos right, wearing ivy wreath</font></p><p><font size="3"><b>Rev:</b> BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΠΡΟYΣIOY, the centaur Chiron standing right, cloak over shoulder, playing lyre, to lower right, monogram.</font></p><p><font size="3"><b>Size:</b> 22mm, 6.25g</font></p><p><font size="3"><b>Ref:</b> Lindgren 201 (Kings of Bithynia), BMC 10, CoinProject <a href="http://www.coinproject.com/coin_detail.php?coin=246689" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.coinproject.com/coin_detail.php?coin=246689" rel="nofollow">246689</a>; AMC <a href="https://www.asiaminorcoins.com/gallery/displayimage.php?album=31&pid=3026#top_display_media" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.asiaminorcoins.com/gallery/displayimage.php?album=31&pid=3026#top_display_media" rel="nofollow">3026</a>; </font></p><p><br /></p><p>According to Greek mythology, Mt. Pelion on the Magnesia peninsula, was home to the centaurs. Chiron was revered as oracle, healer and teacher of many heroes including Achilles and Perseus. Another myth tells of Dionysos raping Nikaia, the nymph of the springs or fountain of the Greek colony of Nikaia in Bithynia. What would the Bithynians see in these images? For now, I don't have more.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Location</b></p><p>Bythinia was north of Pergamon, on the south shore of the Black Sea, just across from Byzantium.</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1147620[/ATTACH]</p><p><font size="2"><u><a href="http://www.forumancientcoins.com/Ancient-Maps/displayimage.php?album=topn&cat=-21&pos=20" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.forumancientcoins.com/Ancient-Maps/displayimage.php?album=topn&cat=-21&pos=20" rel="nofollow">Public Domain Map 1923</a></u></font></p><p><b><br /></b></p><p><b><b>Rome Looks East </b></b></p><p>The end of the Second Carthaginian War, freed the Roman republic to turn its attention east. After 195 BC, seven years after the Roman victory of Zama against Carthage in the Second Punic War, Hannibal, the great Carthaginian general, fled Carthage to escape being turned over to the Romans. He was taken in by Antiochus III, King of the Seleucid empire, who was at war with Rome.</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1147687[/ATTACH]</p><p><font size="3"><b>Seleukid Kingdom, Antiochos III Megas</b>, 223-187 BC, Antioch</font></p><p><font size="3"><b>Obv: </b>diademed head right</font></p><p><font size="3"><b>Rev: </b>[AN]TIOXOY - [ΒΑ]ΣΙΛΕΩΣ, Apollo on omphalos seated left</font></p><p><font size="3"><b>Size: </b>16mm, 2.45g</font></p><p><br /></p><p>Antiochus III wrote to Prusias I, father to Prusias II, in BC 190, the king of Bithynia, about his fear of Roman oppression and to ask for his support.</p><p><br /></p><blockquote><p><font size="4">“In this dispatch, he bitterly complained of the Roman expedition to Asia; they had come, he wrote, to deprive them all of their crowns so that there might be no sovereignty but that of the Romans anywhere in the world; Philip and Nabis had been reduced to submission; he, Antiochus, was to be the third victim; like a spreading conflagration they would envelop all, as each lay nearest to the one already overthrown. Now that Eumenes had voluntarily accepted the yoke of servitude, it would be but a step from Antiochus to Bithynia.”</font></p><p><font size="4">-Livy, History of Rome <a href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:abo:phi,0914,00137:25" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:abo:phi,0914,00137:25" rel="nofollow">37.25</a></font></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p>The Romans were more persuasive. They shared with Prusias I the benefits of friendship, <i>amicitia</i>, with Rome. In 190 BC, Hannibal fought the Romans, leading the Seleucid fleet in the Battle of Eurymedon, a major defeat for Hannibal and the Antiochus III. Prusias stayed neutral and did not support Antiochus III, who was defeated by the Romans in 188 BC. Hannibal was soon, again looking for safe harbor from the Romans and ended up in the court of Prusias I, fighting for Prusias against Eumenes II of Pergamon, a Roman ally.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Hannibal’s Death</b></p><p>Prusias II took over from his father in 182 BC. Close to the last year of Prusias I, and the first year of Prusias II (181-183 BC), one or perhaps both under pressure from Rome, betrayed Hannibal. Hannibal surrounded by Roman soldiers took his own life.</p><blockquote><p><font size="4"> </font></p><p><font size="4">“The guards surrounded the house so closely that no one could slip out of it. When Hannibal was informed that the king's soldiers were in the vestibule, he tried to escape through a postern gate which afforded the most secret means of exit. He found that this too was closely watched and that guards were posted all-round the place. Finally, he called for the poison which he had long kept in readiness for such an emergency. "Let us," he said, "relieve the Romans from the anxiety they have so long experienced, since they think it tries their patience too much to wait for an old man's death.”</font></p><p><font size="4">-Livy, The History of Rome <a href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0144%3Abook%3D39%3Achapter%3D51" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0144%3Abook%3D39%3Achapter%3D51" rel="nofollow">39.51</a></font></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p>Cornelius Nepos, Lives of Emminent Commanders, tells a similar story in <a href="http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/nepos.htm#Hannibal" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/nepos.htm#Hannibal" rel="nofollow">Hannibal 23.12</a>.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>The Romans Defeat the Macedonians</b></p><p>The Romans defeated Perseus of Macedon in 168 BC at the <a href="https://www.livius.org/articles/battle/pydna-168-bce/" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.livius.org/articles/battle/pydna-168-bce/" rel="nofollow">Battle of Pydna</a>, during the Third Macedonian War. This coin depicts the king and his two sons, captives from the victory, with the relative of the moneyer, the Roman general Lucius Aemilius Paullus.</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1147629[/ATTACH]</p><p><font size="3"><b>L. Aemilius Lepidus Paullus</b>, 62 BC, AR Denarius, Rome mint</font></p><p><font size="3"><b>Obv:</b> Veiled and diademed head of Concordia right</font></p><p><font size="3"><b>Rev:</b> Trophy; to left, three captives (King Perseus of Macedon and his two sons) standing right; to right, Paullus standing left</font></p><p><font size="3"><b>Ref: </b>Crawford <a href="http://numismatics.org/crro/id/rrc-415.1" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://numismatics.org/crro/id/rrc-415.1" rel="nofollow">415/1</a>; Sydenham 926; Aemilia 10</font></p><p><b><br /></b></p><p><b>King Prusias II goes to Rome</b></p><p>King Prusias II chose this moment to go to Rome and request a gift of territory as a friend of Rome and in exchange for the services he had provided during the war against Macedonia.</p><blockquote><p><br /></p><p><font size="4">“During the year Prusias went to Rome with his son Nicomedes. He entered the City amid a large concourse, and proceeded through the streets to the tribunal of Q. Cassius the praetor, surrounded by a crowd of citizens. Addressing the praetor, he said that he had come to pay reverence to the gods of the City, to salute the senate and citizens of Rome, and to congratulate them on their victory over Perseus and Gentius, and the extension of their sway by the subjugation of the Macedonians and Illyrians.”</font></p><p><font size="4">Livy, History of Rome <a href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Liv.%2045.44&lang=original" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Liv.%2045.44&lang=original" rel="nofollow">45.44</a> </font></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p>Polybius portrays Prusias as obsequious, going to undignified lengths to show subservience to Rome. Prusias left his son, Nicomedes II, in the care of the Roman Senate. Nicomedes II would eventually push his father out of the way and take over as king and ally to Rome.</p><p><br /></p><p>The image in gold, tempera colors, and ink on parchment that starts this post, from AD 1413-1415, shows Prusias II, a cautionary tale, a beggar in his last days, deposed by his son and punished by God for his betrayal of Hannibal and violation of the laws of hospitality.</p><p><br /></p><p>As always, additional information and corrections are appreciated. <b>Post your coins of Bithynia, centaurs, Dionysos or anything else you find interesting or entertaining. </b>[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="Sulla80, post: 4644463, member: 99456"][ATTACH=full]1147608[/ATTACH] [SIZE=2]Public Domain, Thanks to the [URL='http://www.getty.edu/art/collection/objects/105178/boucicaut-master-or-workshop-prusias-ii-king-of-bithynia-reduced-to-begging-french-about-1413-1415/?dz=0.5884,0.5884,0.40']Getty Museum Open Content Program[/URL] [/SIZE] [SIZE=5]I[/SIZE]n a previous [URL='https://www.cointalk.com/threads/a-tropaion-turning-point-to-victory.359328/']post[/URL], I shared a coin from Pergamon, Mysia. [USER=90981]@Shea19[/USER] added a coin of Prussias II, King of Bithynia, who took territory from Pergamon....here's my new addition, a coin of Prusias II. Researching the coin has been a wandering path with stops in Pergamon, Bithynia, Thessaly, the Seleucid Empire, Rome and Carthage. [ATTACH=full]1147619[/ATTACH] [SIZE=3][B]Kings of Bithynia, Prusias II Cynegos[/B], reigned 182-149 BC, Nikomedia, Bronze Æ [B]Obv:[/B] Draped bust of Dionysos right, wearing ivy wreath [B]Rev:[/B] BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΠΡΟYΣIOY, the centaur Chiron standing right, cloak over shoulder, playing lyre, to lower right, monogram. [B]Size:[/B] 22mm, 6.25g [B]Ref:[/B] Lindgren 201 (Kings of Bithynia), BMC 10, CoinProject [URL='http://www.coinproject.com/coin_detail.php?coin=246689']246689[/URL]; AMC [URL='https://www.asiaminorcoins.com/gallery/displayimage.php?album=31&pid=3026#top_display_media']3026[/URL]; [/SIZE] According to Greek mythology, Mt. Pelion on the Magnesia peninsula, was home to the centaurs. Chiron was revered as oracle, healer and teacher of many heroes including Achilles and Perseus. Another myth tells of Dionysos raping Nikaia, the nymph of the springs or fountain of the Greek colony of Nikaia in Bithynia. What would the Bithynians see in these images? For now, I don't have more. [B]Location[/B] Bythinia was north of Pergamon, on the south shore of the Black Sea, just across from Byzantium. [ATTACH=full]1147620[/ATTACH] [SIZE=2][U][URL='http://www.forumancientcoins.com/Ancient-Maps/displayimage.php?album=topn&cat=-21&pos=20']Public Domain Map 1923[/URL][/U][/SIZE] [B] [B]Rome Looks East [/B][/B] The end of the Second Carthaginian War, freed the Roman republic to turn its attention east. After 195 BC, seven years after the Roman victory of Zama against Carthage in the Second Punic War, Hannibal, the great Carthaginian general, fled Carthage to escape being turned over to the Romans. He was taken in by Antiochus III, King of the Seleucid empire, who was at war with Rome. [ATTACH=full]1147687[/ATTACH] [SIZE=3][B]Seleukid Kingdom, Antiochos III Megas[/B], 223-187 BC, Antioch [B]Obv: [/B]diademed head right [B]Rev: [/B][AN]TIOXOY - [ΒΑ]ΣΙΛΕΩΣ, Apollo on omphalos seated left [B]Size: [/B]16mm, 2.45g[/SIZE] Antiochus III wrote to Prusias I, father to Prusias II, in BC 190, the king of Bithynia, about his fear of Roman oppression and to ask for his support. [INDENT][SIZE=4]“In this dispatch, he bitterly complained of the Roman expedition to Asia; they had come, he wrote, to deprive them all of their crowns so that there might be no sovereignty but that of the Romans anywhere in the world; Philip and Nabis had been reduced to submission; he, Antiochus, was to be the third victim; like a spreading conflagration they would envelop all, as each lay nearest to the one already overthrown. Now that Eumenes had voluntarily accepted the yoke of servitude, it would be but a step from Antiochus to Bithynia.” -Livy, History of Rome [URL='http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:abo:phi,0914,00137:25']37.25[/URL][/SIZE][/INDENT] The Romans were more persuasive. They shared with Prusias I the benefits of friendship, [I]amicitia[/I], with Rome. In 190 BC, Hannibal fought the Romans, leading the Seleucid fleet in the Battle of Eurymedon, a major defeat for Hannibal and the Antiochus III. Prusias stayed neutral and did not support Antiochus III, who was defeated by the Romans in 188 BC. Hannibal was soon, again looking for safe harbor from the Romans and ended up in the court of Prusias I, fighting for Prusias against Eumenes II of Pergamon, a Roman ally. [B]Hannibal’s Death[/B] Prusias II took over from his father in 182 BC. Close to the last year of Prusias I, and the first year of Prusias II (181-183 BC), one or perhaps both under pressure from Rome, betrayed Hannibal. Hannibal surrounded by Roman soldiers took his own life. [INDENT][SIZE=4] “The guards surrounded the house so closely that no one could slip out of it. When Hannibal was informed that the king's soldiers were in the vestibule, he tried to escape through a postern gate which afforded the most secret means of exit. He found that this too was closely watched and that guards were posted all-round the place. Finally, he called for the poison which he had long kept in readiness for such an emergency. "Let us," he said, "relieve the Romans from the anxiety they have so long experienced, since they think it tries their patience too much to wait for an old man's death.” -Livy, The History of Rome [URL='http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0144%3Abook%3D39%3Achapter%3D51']39.51[/URL][/SIZE][/INDENT] Cornelius Nepos, Lives of Emminent Commanders, tells a similar story in [URL='http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/nepos.htm#Hannibal']Hannibal 23.12[/URL]. [B]The Romans Defeat the Macedonians[/B] The Romans defeated Perseus of Macedon in 168 BC at the [URL='https://www.livius.org/articles/battle/pydna-168-bce/']Battle of Pydna[/URL], during the Third Macedonian War. This coin depicts the king and his two sons, captives from the victory, with the relative of the moneyer, the Roman general Lucius Aemilius Paullus. [ATTACH=full]1147629[/ATTACH] [SIZE=3][B]L. Aemilius Lepidus Paullus[/B], 62 BC, AR Denarius, Rome mint [B]Obv:[/B] Veiled and diademed head of Concordia right [B]Rev:[/B] Trophy; to left, three captives (King Perseus of Macedon and his two sons) standing right; to right, Paullus standing left [B]Ref: [/B]Crawford [URL='http://numismatics.org/crro/id/rrc-415.1']415/1[/URL]; Sydenham 926; Aemilia 10[/SIZE] [B] King Prusias II goes to Rome[/B] King Prusias II chose this moment to go to Rome and request a gift of territory as a friend of Rome and in exchange for the services he had provided during the war against Macedonia. [INDENT] [SIZE=4]“During the year Prusias went to Rome with his son Nicomedes. He entered the City amid a large concourse, and proceeded through the streets to the tribunal of Q. Cassius the praetor, surrounded by a crowd of citizens. Addressing the praetor, he said that he had come to pay reverence to the gods of the City, to salute the senate and citizens of Rome, and to congratulate them on their victory over Perseus and Gentius, and the extension of their sway by the subjugation of the Macedonians and Illyrians.” Livy, History of Rome [URL='http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Liv.%2045.44&lang=original']45.44[/URL] [/SIZE][/INDENT] Polybius portrays Prusias as obsequious, going to undignified lengths to show subservience to Rome. Prusias left his son, Nicomedes II, in the care of the Roman Senate. Nicomedes II would eventually push his father out of the way and take over as king and ally to Rome. The image in gold, tempera colors, and ink on parchment that starts this post, from AD 1413-1415, shows Prusias II, a cautionary tale, a beggar in his last days, deposed by his son and punished by God for his betrayal of Hannibal and violation of the laws of hospitality. As always, additional information and corrections are appreciated. [B]Post your coins of Bithynia, centaurs, Dionysos or anything else you find interesting or entertaining. [/B][/QUOTE]
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