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<p>[QUOTE="Ocatarinetabellatchitchix, post: 4982078, member: 99554"]<img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Probus_Musei_Capitolini_MC493.jpg/1258px-Probus_Musei_Capitolini_MC493.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /> </p><p>Capitoline Museum</p><p><br /></p><p><b>The history</b></p><p>The reign of <b>Probus</b> intervened at a crucial time of the Roman Empire, where it almost broke up and disappeared, with the period of the 30 usurpers, and often, the more than major action of Probus is forgotten. The testimony of its historian Flavius Vopiscus, confirmed by other authors, shows us in this soldier of obscure extraction one of the most remarkable Roman emperors: military leader and administrator of the first order, of a character both energetic and fair, simple and kind. It was him who definitively stopped the first invasion of the Barbarians, that of the third century, and allowed, behind the firmly guarded border, the organization of the administrative monarchy of the Lower Empire.</p><p>For <b>Probus</b>, the soldier was not just a soldier embodying order, power and defense, he was first and foremost a being endowed with values and virtues. The soldier was to be a double of the emperor and his representative, and was to be viewed with respect. This energetic emperor therefore extended the social actions of the imperial army, by involving the Roman army in public utility works, and also by helping the populations in the different territories of the Empire. Indeed, Probus, not liking to see his troops idle, charges the soldiers with various jobs in peacetime such as planting vines, draining marshes or digging canals, charges which the soldiers find dishonorable.</p><p>At the <b><span style="color: #ff0000">end of October </span></b>282 AD, around Sirmium, during an inspection of the works, he scoffs at soldiers tired of this task and provokes a violent reaction: tired of carrying out work which they consider to be uninteresting and dishonorable, some soldiers of the army Imperial decide to assassinate <b>Probus</b>. He was only 50 years old.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>The coinage</b></p><p>Continuing the monetary reform of Aurelian, his coinage is abundant and diverse due to its various bust type and reverses, and at coin shows or in auctions you can get nice examples at very reasonable prices. Ten mints under his reign produced a considerable numbers of coins : many aurei, a few gold quinarii, very many antoniniani, a few denarii, a number of quinarii of the silver series, a few dupondii, some asses and some smaller bronze coins. Here is a little anecdote taken from RIC volume 5b :"<i>It is not incredible that a foreign collector accumulated 10,000 coins of the reign which all differed in some details</i>". An example to illustrate this point is my RIC 810 from Siscia; there are at least 80 varieties of this coin, all with different bust types, mintmarks, officinae, mintmark/fieldmark configuration...</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1196844[/ATTACH] </p><p><br /></p><p>Taking into account that <b>Probus</b> produced such a large and diverse coinage, let us be careful with the use of the term "rare" for his coins, a term very popular with all collectors. Another example with one of my coin; this RIC 846 var. from Serdica is supposedly one of the two known specimens with the short titulary...So what ?</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1196846[/ATTACH] </p><p>For all <b>Probus</b>' fans, here are a wonderful reference book and two website you need to consult:</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1196845[/ATTACH] </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><a href="https://probvs.net/probvs/" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://probvs.net/probvs/" rel="nofollow">https://probvs.net/probvs/</a></p><p><br /></p><p><a href="https://www.probuscoins.fr/" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.probuscoins.fr/" rel="nofollow">https://www.probuscoins.fr/</a></p><p><br /></p><p>Anyway, on the day of his death, <b>please show us your PROBUS' examples.</b> I'm curious to see how many different specimens we will be able to display in this thread.[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="Ocatarinetabellatchitchix, post: 4982078, member: 99554"][IMG]https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Probus_Musei_Capitolini_MC493.jpg/1258px-Probus_Musei_Capitolini_MC493.jpg[/IMG] Capitoline Museum [B]The history[/B] The reign of [B]Probus[/B] intervened at a crucial time of the Roman Empire, where it almost broke up and disappeared, with the period of the 30 usurpers, and often, the more than major action of Probus is forgotten. The testimony of its historian Flavius Vopiscus, confirmed by other authors, shows us in this soldier of obscure extraction one of the most remarkable Roman emperors: military leader and administrator of the first order, of a character both energetic and fair, simple and kind. It was him who definitively stopped the first invasion of the Barbarians, that of the third century, and allowed, behind the firmly guarded border, the organization of the administrative monarchy of the Lower Empire. For [B]Probus[/B], the soldier was not just a soldier embodying order, power and defense, he was first and foremost a being endowed with values and virtues. The soldier was to be a double of the emperor and his representative, and was to be viewed with respect. This energetic emperor therefore extended the social actions of the imperial army, by involving the Roman army in public utility works, and also by helping the populations in the different territories of the Empire. Indeed, Probus, not liking to see his troops idle, charges the soldiers with various jobs in peacetime such as planting vines, draining marshes or digging canals, charges which the soldiers find dishonorable. At the [B][COLOR=#ff0000]end of October [/COLOR][/B]282 AD, around Sirmium, during an inspection of the works, he scoffs at soldiers tired of this task and provokes a violent reaction: tired of carrying out work which they consider to be uninteresting and dishonorable, some soldiers of the army Imperial decide to assassinate [B]Probus[/B]. He was only 50 years old. [B]The coinage[/B] Continuing the monetary reform of Aurelian, his coinage is abundant and diverse due to its various bust type and reverses, and at coin shows or in auctions you can get nice examples at very reasonable prices. Ten mints under his reign produced a considerable numbers of coins : many aurei, a few gold quinarii, very many antoniniani, a few denarii, a number of quinarii of the silver series, a few dupondii, some asses and some smaller bronze coins. Here is a little anecdote taken from RIC volume 5b :"[I]It is not incredible that a foreign collector accumulated 10,000 coins of the reign which all differed in some details[/I]". An example to illustrate this point is my RIC 810 from Siscia; there are at least 80 varieties of this coin, all with different bust types, mintmarks, officinae, mintmark/fieldmark configuration... [ATTACH=full]1196844[/ATTACH] Taking into account that [B]Probus[/B] produced such a large and diverse coinage, let us be careful with the use of the term "rare" for his coins, a term very popular with all collectors. Another example with one of my coin; this RIC 846 var. from Serdica is supposedly one of the two known specimens with the short titulary...So what ? [ATTACH=full]1196846[/ATTACH] For all [B]Probus[/B]' fans, here are a wonderful reference book and two website you need to consult: [ATTACH=full]1196845[/ATTACH] [URL]https://probvs.net/probvs/[/URL] [URL]https://www.probuscoins.fr/[/URL] Anyway, on the day of his death, [B]please show us your PROBUS' examples.[/B] I'm curious to see how many different specimens we will be able to display in this thread.[/QUOTE]
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