Mint marks in United States coinage include P for the Philadelphia Mint, D for the Denver Mint, S for the San Francisco Mint, and W for the West Point Mint. In the past, CC for the Carson City Mint, C for the Charlotte Mint, D for the Dahlonega Mint, and O for the New Orleans Mint were used. Also, this link is useful: http://www.coincommunity.com/mints/
And by the way, the mint mark is not always on the obverse (front or heads) side of the coins. On some types of coins it is on the reverse (back or tails) side. What you need is a Redbook. It has all of the basic information on U.S. coins. Its a very handy tool.
ASW = Actual Silver Weight AGW = Actual Gold Weight -------------------------------------- These terms are used for gold and silver coins to give you actual weight of the silver or gold parts of the coin. Most coins are not 100% or 99.99% of silver or gold, but are lesser percents (80%, 92.5%, etc). Thus, the total weight of the coin is not all silver or gold, but only a portion of it. For example, a Morgan dollar weighs 26.73 grams, but it is only 90% silver. Thus, the ASW is 26.73 * 0.90 = 24.06 grams. There are 31.10 grams in a Troy Ounce of silver. So you will often see it reported that a Morgan Dollar contains (24.06 / 31.10) = 0.7735 ozt of pure silver. Or simply put, you may see ASW = 0.7735 ozt.