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<p>[QUOTE="Roman Collector, post: 4644180, member: 75937"]<i>Post your coins of Pisidian Antioch or anything you feel is relevant!</i></p><p><br /></p><p>Pisidian Antioch was one of many cities named Antioch founded by Seleucus I (312-280 BC) or his son Antiochus I (280-261 BC). It was not truly in Pisidia, which was the mountainous region separating Pamphylia from Phrygia to the north. Antioch, strictly speaking, stood in the eastern part of Phrygia, which was later incorporated into the Roman province of Galatia. The geographer Strabo, writing in the early years of Tiberius’ reign, named the city Antioch towards Pisidia, to distinguish it from another Antioch on the Meander River in Caria.[1]</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1147546[/ATTACH]</p><p><font size="3">From "Asia citerior," Auctore Henrico Kiepert Berolinensi. Geographische Verlagshandlung Dietrich Reimer (Ernst Vohsen) Berlin, Wilhemlstr. 29. (1903). <a href="https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~34460~1180072:Asia-citerior--Auctore-Henrico-Kiep" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~34460~1180072:Asia-citerior--Auctore-Henrico-Kiep" rel="nofollow">David Rumsey Historical Map Collection</a>.</font></p><p><br /></p><p>Scanty ruins of the city lie approximately 1 km northeast of Yalvaç. The ruins include some arches of an aqueduct that brought in water from the snow-capped mountains to the east, the walls of the city, a theater, a temple to Augustus, and a temple to the Anatolian god, Mên, the god of the indigenous Phrygian people.[2]</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1147545[/ATTACH]</p><p><font size="3">Ancient temple ruins at Antioch of Pisidia, near modern Yalvaç, Turkey. © Valery Shanin/Shutterstock.com (Photo from <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Pisidia" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Pisidia" rel="nofollow">Encyclopædia Brittanica</a>).</font></p><p><br /></p><p>According to Strabo[3], colonists from Magnesia on the Maeander were brought in by the Seleucids to found the city. In 39 BC, Marc Antony gave the colony, its surrounding territory, and the whole of Pisidia to Amyntas, the king of Galatia. But when Amyntas was killed in 25 BC fighting an incursion by indigenous Homonadesians from the mountains, the whole kingdom passed to the Romans and became the province of Galatia.[4]</p><p><br /></p><p>As Antioch was situated on the strategically important road from Ephesus to Syria, Augustus founded a Roman colony there in about 20 BC, bringing to the city veterans of the Skylark (Alauda) legion.[5] The colony was honored with the title of <i>Caesarea</i> and given the right of the <i>Ius Italicum</i>.[6]</p><p><br /></p><p>Coinage began under Augustus in the tens BC,[7] and bronze coins of three sizes (<i>RPC </i>I, 3529-31) depict the foundation of the city (the usual togate figure plowing with two oxen) on the obverse and two legionary eagles between two standards on the reverse.</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1147532[/ATTACH]</p><p><font size="3"><i>RPC</i> I, <a href="https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/coins/1/3531" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/coins/1/3531" rel="nofollow">3531</a></font></p><p><br /></p><p>No more coins were issued by the city until the reign of Nero (see, for example, <i>RPC</i> I, <a href="https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/coins/1/3532" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/coins/1/3532" rel="nofollow">3532</a>).[8] Coins from the reign of Antoninus Pius onward were in production more or less continuously through the reign of Claudius II.[9]</p><p><br /></p><p>The cult worship of Mên was important to the people of the city, though he was not the principal deity of Anatolia. He was always subordinate to the Great Mother (Kybele) who was to the Phrygian people the embodiment of the divine nature.[10] Mên was, like many lunar deities, depicted with the crescent moon emerging from his shoulders, and often with his foot upon a ram’s or bull’s head, echoing the imagery of both Sabazios, the "Thracian Hero" and Mithraism[11]:</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1147579[/ATTACH]</p><p><font size="3">Image from "Sabazios and the Phrygian Moon-God 'Men',"[11].</font></p><p><br /></p><p>The coins depict the cult statue of Mên as it appeared in the local temple (see <i>RPC</i> VII.2, — (unassigned; ID <i><a href="https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/type/3501" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/type/3501" rel="nofollow">3501</a></i>), a standing figure wearing a Phrygian cap and with a crescent on his shoulders, holding a scepter and a <a href="http://www.jaysromanhistory.com/romeweb/rcoins/sub1/art19.htm" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.jaysromanhistory.com/romeweb/rcoins/sub1/art19.htm" rel="nofollow"><i>Victoriola</i></a>. His left foot rests on a bucranium; a rooster appears at his feet. The bull and the rooster were the sacred animals of Mên; this was also a sacrificial bird in the Persian cults of Mithras and Ahura-Mazda, suggesting an Indo-Persian origin of this cult and the association of Mên with Mithras.[12]</p><p><br /></p><p>The letters S R begin to appear on the coins during the reign of Septimius Severus. At first they occurred only on coins of sestertius size, but they appear during the reign of Gordian III on smaller size, and from that time, on all the coins alike. These letters reflect the title of <i>Socia Romanorum</i>, the Latin translation of the Greek σύμμαχος Ῥωμαίων, meaning "ally of the Romans." This embodied the notion of Antioch's status as an independent city with continued loyalty to Rome during a century of increasing military pressure on the empire. In material terms, this meant the city sent recruits, provisions, and equipment to the armies on the eastern frontier.[13]</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1147537[/ATTACH]</p><p><font size="3">Gordian III, AD 238-244.</font></p><p><font size="3">Roman Provincial Æ 35 mm, 26.72 g, 6 h.</font></p><p><font size="3">Pisidia, Antioch, AD 238-244.</font></p><p><font size="3">Obv: IMP CAES M ANT GORDIANVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Gordian III, r., seen from rear.</font></p><p><font size="3">Rev: COL CAES ANTIOCH, S-R, Mên standing r., wearing Phrygian cap, foot on bucranium, holding sceptre and Victory (standing r., on globe, holding trophy), resting elbow on column; behind his shoulders, crescent; to l., rooster standing, l.</font></p><p><font size="3">Refs: RPC VII.2, — (unassigned; ID <a href="https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/type/3431" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/type/3431" rel="nofollow">3431</a>); Krzyżanowska XXII/94; BMC xix.187, 70.</font></p><p><br /></p><p>Another frequently encountered reverse type depicts the genius of the colony, depicted as a female figure resembling in her attributes Tyche, but holding a branch instead of a rudder.</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1147561[/ATTACH]</p><p><font size="3">Julia Domna, AD 193-217.</font></p><p><font size="3">Roman provincial Æ 22.4 mm, 5.76 g, 5 h.</font></p><p><font size="3">Pisidia, Antioch, AD 196-211.</font></p><p><font size="3">Obv: IVLIA AVGVSTA, bare-headed and draped bust, right.</font></p><p><font size="3">Rev: ANTIOCH GE-NI COL CAES, Genius of Antioch wearing kalathos or modius on head, standing facing, head left, holding branch and cornucopiae.</font></p><p><font size="3">Refs: BMC xix.181, 34-36; SNG BnF 1126-31; Lindgren I, 1211.</font></p><p><br /></p><p>Other common reverse types include a goddess holding a caduceus and cornucopia sometimes referred to as Pax, as well as numerous legionary standard and eagle types.</p><p><br /></p><p>~~~</p><p><br /></p><p>1. Lewis, Peter, and Ron Bolden. <i>The Pocket Guide to Saint Paul: Coins Encountered by the Apostle on His Travels</i>. Wakefield Press, Australia, 2002, p. 64.</p><p><br /></p><p>2. Ibid, p. 64. This temple, with its cult image of Mên, is depicted on coin of Gordian III, <i>RPC</i> VII.2, — (unassigned; ID <i><a href="https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/type/3501" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/type/3501" rel="nofollow">3501</a></i>).</p><p><br /></p><p>3. Strabo xii. 577, cited by Hill, G.F. <i>Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Lycia, Pamphylia, and Pisidia</i>. Trustees of the British Museum, 1897, p. cxii.</p><p><br /></p><p>4. "Antioch of Pisidia." <i>Wikipedia</i>, Wikimedia Foundation, 15 July 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antioch_of_Pisidia.</p><p><br /></p><p>5. Lewis & Bolden, op. cit., p. 65.</p><p><br /></p><p>6. Hill, G.F. <i>Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Lycia, Pamphylia, and Pisidia</i>. Trustees of the British Museum, 1897, p. cxii.</p><p><br /></p><p>7. Butcher, Kevin. <i>Roman Provincial Coins: an Introduction to the Greek Imperials</i>. Vol. 1, Seaby, 1988, p. 541.</p><p><br /></p><p>8. Lewis & Bolden, op. cit., p. 66.</p><p><br /></p><p>9. Hill, op. cit., pp. 177-201.</p><p><br /></p><p>10. Ramsay, Sir William Mitchell, and Dale memorial lectures 1907. <i>The Cities of St. Paul Their Influence on His Life and Thought. The Cities of Eastern Asia Minor</i>. A.C. Armstrong, 1908, p. 287.</p><p><br /></p><p>11. Religion, / Atlantic. "Sabazios and the Phrygian Moon-God 'Men'." <i>The Atlantic Religion</i>, 10 Mar. 2015, atlanticreligion.com/2014/08/13/sabazios-and-the-phrygian-moon-god-men/.</p><p><br /></p><p>12. Saprykin, Sergej Ju. "The Religion and Cults of the Pontic Kingdom: Political Aspects," in <i>Mithridates VI and the Pontic Kingdom</i> (Højte, Jakob Munk, ed.). Aarhus University Press, 2009, p. 260.</p><p><br /></p><p>13. Mitchell, Stephen, et al. <i>Pisidian Antioch: the Site and Its Monuments</i>. Duckworth, 1998, p. 11.[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="Roman Collector, post: 4644180, member: 75937"][I]Post your coins of Pisidian Antioch or anything you feel is relevant![/I] Pisidian Antioch was one of many cities named Antioch founded by Seleucus I (312-280 BC) or his son Antiochus I (280-261 BC). It was not truly in Pisidia, which was the mountainous region separating Pamphylia from Phrygia to the north. Antioch, strictly speaking, stood in the eastern part of Phrygia, which was later incorporated into the Roman province of Galatia. The geographer Strabo, writing in the early years of Tiberius’ reign, named the city Antioch towards Pisidia, to distinguish it from another Antioch on the Meander River in Caria.[1] [ATTACH=full]1147546[/ATTACH] [SIZE=3]From "Asia citerior," Auctore Henrico Kiepert Berolinensi. Geographische Verlagshandlung Dietrich Reimer (Ernst Vohsen) Berlin, Wilhemlstr. 29. (1903). [URL='https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~34460~1180072:Asia-citerior--Auctore-Henrico-Kiep']David Rumsey Historical Map Collection[/URL].[/SIZE] Scanty ruins of the city lie approximately 1 km northeast of Yalvaç. The ruins include some arches of an aqueduct that brought in water from the snow-capped mountains to the east, the walls of the city, a theater, a temple to Augustus, and a temple to the Anatolian god, Mên, the god of the indigenous Phrygian people.[2] [ATTACH=full]1147545[/ATTACH] [SIZE=3]Ancient temple ruins at Antioch of Pisidia, near modern Yalvaç, Turkey. © Valery Shanin/Shutterstock.com (Photo from [URL='https://www.britannica.com/place/Pisidia']Encyclopædia Brittanica[/URL]).[/SIZE] According to Strabo[3], colonists from Magnesia on the Maeander were brought in by the Seleucids to found the city. In 39 BC, Marc Antony gave the colony, its surrounding territory, and the whole of Pisidia to Amyntas, the king of Galatia. But when Amyntas was killed in 25 BC fighting an incursion by indigenous Homonadesians from the mountains, the whole kingdom passed to the Romans and became the province of Galatia.[4] As Antioch was situated on the strategically important road from Ephesus to Syria, Augustus founded a Roman colony there in about 20 BC, bringing to the city veterans of the Skylark (Alauda) legion.[5] The colony was honored with the title of [I]Caesarea[/I] and given the right of the [I]Ius Italicum[/I].[6] Coinage began under Augustus in the tens BC,[7] and bronze coins of three sizes ([I]RPC [/I]I, 3529-31) depict the foundation of the city (the usual togate figure plowing with two oxen) on the obverse and two legionary eagles between two standards on the reverse. [ATTACH=full]1147532[/ATTACH] [SIZE=3][I]RPC[/I] I, [URL='https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/coins/1/3531']3531[/URL][/SIZE] No more coins were issued by the city until the reign of Nero (see, for example, [I]RPC[/I] I, [URL='https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/coins/1/3532']3532[/URL]).[8] Coins from the reign of Antoninus Pius onward were in production more or less continuously through the reign of Claudius II.[9] The cult worship of Mên was important to the people of the city, though he was not the principal deity of Anatolia. He was always subordinate to the Great Mother (Kybele) who was to the Phrygian people the embodiment of the divine nature.[10] Mên was, like many lunar deities, depicted with the crescent moon emerging from his shoulders, and often with his foot upon a ram’s or bull’s head, echoing the imagery of both Sabazios, the "Thracian Hero" and Mithraism[11]: [ATTACH=full]1147579[/ATTACH] [SIZE=3]Image from "Sabazios and the Phrygian Moon-God 'Men',"[11].[/SIZE] The coins depict the cult statue of Mên as it appeared in the local temple (see [I]RPC[/I] VII.2, — (unassigned; ID [I][URL='https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/type/3501']3501[/URL][/I]), a standing figure wearing a Phrygian cap and with a crescent on his shoulders, holding a scepter and a [URL='http://www.jaysromanhistory.com/romeweb/rcoins/sub1/art19.htm'][I]Victoriola[/I][/URL]. His left foot rests on a bucranium; a rooster appears at his feet. The bull and the rooster were the sacred animals of Mên; this was also a sacrificial bird in the Persian cults of Mithras and Ahura-Mazda, suggesting an Indo-Persian origin of this cult and the association of Mên with Mithras.[12] The letters S R begin to appear on the coins during the reign of Septimius Severus. At first they occurred only on coins of sestertius size, but they appear during the reign of Gordian III on smaller size, and from that time, on all the coins alike. These letters reflect the title of [I]Socia Romanorum[/I], the Latin translation of the Greek σύμμαχος Ῥωμαίων, meaning "ally of the Romans." This embodied the notion of Antioch's status as an independent city with continued loyalty to Rome during a century of increasing military pressure on the empire. In material terms, this meant the city sent recruits, provisions, and equipment to the armies on the eastern frontier.[13] [ATTACH=full]1147537[/ATTACH] [SIZE=3]Gordian III, AD 238-244. Roman Provincial Æ 35 mm, 26.72 g, 6 h. Pisidia, Antioch, AD 238-244. Obv: IMP CAES M ANT GORDIANVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Gordian III, r., seen from rear. Rev: COL CAES ANTIOCH, S-R, Mên standing r., wearing Phrygian cap, foot on bucranium, holding sceptre and Victory (standing r., on globe, holding trophy), resting elbow on column; behind his shoulders, crescent; to l., rooster standing, l. Refs: RPC VII.2, — (unassigned; ID [URL='https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/type/3431']3431[/URL]); Krzyżanowska XXII/94; BMC xix.187, 70.[/SIZE] Another frequently encountered reverse type depicts the genius of the colony, depicted as a female figure resembling in her attributes Tyche, but holding a branch instead of a rudder. [ATTACH=full]1147561[/ATTACH] [SIZE=3]Julia Domna, AD 193-217. Roman provincial Æ 22.4 mm, 5.76 g, 5 h. Pisidia, Antioch, AD 196-211. Obv: IVLIA AVGVSTA, bare-headed and draped bust, right. Rev: ANTIOCH GE-NI COL CAES, Genius of Antioch wearing kalathos or modius on head, standing facing, head left, holding branch and cornucopiae. Refs: BMC xix.181, 34-36; SNG BnF 1126-31; Lindgren I, 1211.[/SIZE] Other common reverse types include a goddess holding a caduceus and cornucopia sometimes referred to as Pax, as well as numerous legionary standard and eagle types. ~~~ 1. Lewis, Peter, and Ron Bolden. [I]The Pocket Guide to Saint Paul: Coins Encountered by the Apostle on His Travels[/I]. Wakefield Press, Australia, 2002, p. 64. 2. Ibid, p. 64. This temple, with its cult image of Mên, is depicted on coin of Gordian III, [I]RPC[/I] VII.2, — (unassigned; ID [I][URL='https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/type/3501']3501[/URL][/I]). 3. Strabo xii. 577, cited by Hill, G.F. [I]Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Lycia, Pamphylia, and Pisidia[/I]. Trustees of the British Museum, 1897, p. cxii. 4. "Antioch of Pisidia." [I]Wikipedia[/I], Wikimedia Foundation, 15 July 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antioch_of_Pisidia. 5. Lewis & Bolden, op. cit., p. 65. 6. Hill, G.F. [I]Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Lycia, Pamphylia, and Pisidia[/I]. Trustees of the British Museum, 1897, p. cxii. 7. Butcher, Kevin. [I]Roman Provincial Coins: an Introduction to the Greek Imperials[/I]. Vol. 1, Seaby, 1988, p. 541. 8. Lewis & Bolden, op. cit., p. 66. 9. Hill, op. cit., pp. 177-201. 10. Ramsay, Sir William Mitchell, and Dale memorial lectures 1907. [I]The Cities of St. Paul Their Influence on His Life and Thought. The Cities of Eastern Asia Minor[/I]. A.C. Armstrong, 1908, p. 287. 11. Religion, / Atlantic. "Sabazios and the Phrygian Moon-God 'Men'." [I]The Atlantic Religion[/I], 10 Mar. 2015, atlanticreligion.com/2014/08/13/sabazios-and-the-phrygian-moon-god-men/. 12. Saprykin, Sergej Ju. "The Religion and Cults of the Pontic Kingdom: Political Aspects," in [I]Mithridates VI and the Pontic Kingdom[/I] (Højte, Jakob Munk, ed.). Aarhus University Press, 2009, p. 260. 13. Mitchell, Stephen, et al. [I]Pisidian Antioch: the Site and Its Monuments[/I]. Duckworth, 1998, p. 11.[/QUOTE]
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