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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;Roman Collector, post: 3085328, member: 75937&quot;]Seventeen types were issued during Valerian&#039;s and Gallienus&#039; joint reign which presented Gallienus as <i>restitutor</i> (restorer). Out of these 17 types, nine bear the legend RESTITVTOR GALLIARVM, six show the legend RESTITVTOR ORBIS, one type propagates RESTITVT ORIENTIS, and another reads RESTITVT GENER HVMANI, probably referring to the inhabitants of the provinces.[1]</p><p><br /></p><p>The coins bearing the legend RESTITVTOR GALLIARVM date to the period AD 256-259, which implies they refer to victories over the German tribes, such as the Franks and Allemani, who invaded Gaul.[2]</p><p><br /></p><p>This coin, with the RESTITVT ORIENTIS (restorer of the east) reverse legend, probably points to some successes against the Sasanians in the years AD 253-254.[3]</p><p><br /></p><p>However, no coin types presenting the emperor as <i>restitutor</i> were struck during Gallienus&#039; sole reign. Either Gallienus preferred other forms of propaganda or proclaiming that the Empire/world had been restored conflicted too overtly with what was actually happening.</p><p><br /></p><p>All of these issues are somewhat difficult to acquire.</p><p><br /></p><p>Robert Göbl identified the issuing mint as Samosata, a city on the river Euphrates in Mesopotamia (the birthplace of the Roman satirical author Lucian/Loukian), the site of which (Samsat in Adiyaman Province, Turkey) today lies under a reservoir. Like Antioch, Samosata played an important role for ancient traders travelling the Eastern trade routes to Damascus and the oasis kingdom of Palmyra. Samosata probably operated as a mint between 255-258, possibly replacing the mint at Antioch which was plundered several times in this period -- in 253 (during the reign of Trebonianus Gallus) or 256 and again in 260: the sources for the period are rather patchy.</p><p><br /></p><p>Post your Gallienus <i>restitutor</i> issues or anything you feel is relevant.</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]777659[/ATTACH]</p><p>Gallienus, AD 253-268.</p><p>Roman Billon Antoninianus, 4.40 g; 23.5 mm.</p><p>Samosata, AD 255-256.</p><p>Obv: IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and draped bust, right.</p><p>Rev: RESTITVT ORIENTIS, Tyche, left, presenting wreath to emperor, right, who holds spear in left.</p><p>Refs: RIC 448; RSC 902; Cohen 902; RCV 10341; Hunter p. xlvii; Göbl 1677m.</p><p><br /></p><p>~~~</p><p><br /></p><p>1. RESTITVTOR GALLIARVM: RIC V.1 Gallienus joint reign, nos. 27-35. RESTITVTOR ORBIS: RIC V.1 Gallienus joint reign, nos. 91, 164, 165, 234-236. RESTITVT ORIENTIS: RIC V.1 Gallienus joint reign, no. 448. RESTITVT GENER HVMANI: RIC V.1 Gallienus joint reign, no. 296.</p><p><br /></p><p>2. Blois, Lukas de. <i>The Policy of the Emperor Gallienus</i>. E.J. Brill, 1976, p. 6.</p><p><br /></p><p>3. Vagi, David L. <i>Coinage and History of the Roman Empire</i>. Vol. 1, Coinworld, 1999, p. 348.[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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