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<p>[QUOTE="jamesicus, post: 3739754, member: 14873"]<font face="Times New Roman"></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">I know I said that I am reducing my collection to just twenty coins, but I simply cannot resist this fascinating series. When the dust settles, I will be adding two of these coins to my twenty to replace existing coins. Here is the updated iteration of the Titus Restoration web page:</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><img src="https://jp29.org/000augrestx.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><i>AUGUSTUS AS, TITUS RESTORATION ISSUE, 80-81 AD</i></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><i>(27mm, 10.71 gm)</i></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">BMCRE Volume II, Rome, Titus No. 273-275</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">RIC Volume II, Part 1 (second edition), Titus, No. 462</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Obverse depiction: Augustus, radiate head facing left</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Inscription: <b>DIVVS AVGVSTVS PATER</b></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Reverse depiction: Eagle with wings spread standing on Globe</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Inscription: <b>IMP T CAES AVG RESTITVIT - S C</b> (above, left and right)</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Wildwinds Augustus RIC 462 [titus] text has incorrect obverse inscription <b>DIVI</b> AVGVSTVS PATER</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Provenance:</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Ex Ancient Resource</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><img src="https://jp29.org/000provident.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><i>AUGUSTUS AS, TITUS RESTORATION ISSUE, 80-81 AD</i></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><i>(27mm, 10.03 gm)</i></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">BMCRE Volume II, Rome, Titus No. 271 (variant)</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">RIC Volume II, Part 1 (second edition), Titus, No. 454</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Obverse depiction: Augustus, radiate head facing left</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Inscription: <b>DIVVS AVGVSTVS PATER</b></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Reverse depiction: Altar enclosure with double doors</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Inscription: <b>IMP T VESP AVG REST - S C</b> (left and right) - <b>PROVIDENT</b> (in exergue)</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Provenance:</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Ex Romanorum</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><img src="https://jp29.org/000agrippinarest.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><i>AGRIPPA AS, TITUS RESTORATION ISSUE, 80-81 AD</i></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><i>(27mm, 10.00 gm)</i></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><i>BMCRE Volume II, Rome, Titus No. 281 (Pl.54.9.)</i></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Obverse depiction: Agrippa, radiate head facing left wearing rostral crown</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Inscription: <b>AGRIPPA L F COS III</b></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Reverse depiction: Neptune standing left holding small dolphin and trident</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Inscription: <b>IMP T VESP AVG REST - S C</b> (left and right)</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Provenance:</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Ex Incitatus</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><img src="https://jp29.org/000ti1o.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /><img src="https://jp29.org/000ti1r.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><i>CLAUDIUS SESTERTIUS, TITUS RESTORATION ISSUE, 80-81 AD</i></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><i>(34.5mm, 23.12 gm)</i></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">BMCRE Volume II, Rome, Titus No. 297 (pl. 56.1)</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">RIC Volume II (1962 Edition), Rome, Titus, No. 234</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">RIC Volume II, Part 1 (second edition), Titus, No. 472 (Sear No. 2601)</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Obverse depiction: Claudius, laureate head facing right</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Inscription: <b>TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG PM TRP IMP PP</b></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Reverse depiction: Personification of Spes holding flower</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">in right hand and demurely raising skirt with left hand</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Inscription: <b>IMP T VESP AVG REST - S C</b> (left and right)</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/sear5/s2601.html#RIC_0472[titus]" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/sear5/s2601.html#RIC_0472[titus]" rel="nofollow">Sear Roman Coins and their Values (RCV 2000 Edition) Number 2601</a> (via Wildwinds Claudius)</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=132778" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=132778" rel="nofollow">Sale: CNG, Triton XII, Lot: 555 (5 January 2009)</a></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Provenance:</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Ex Dr. V.J.A. Flynn Collection</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Ex Praefectus coins</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Background Notes</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Although both Restoration and Restitution are employed by modern day authors to describe this coinage, I employ Restoration here because that is the nomenclature used by Harold Mattingly in his seminal reference: THE "RESTORED" COINS OF OF TITUS, DOMITIAN AND NERVA - <i>The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society Fourth Series, Vol. 20 (1920), pp. 177-207 (31 pages)</i> and on which much of the information presented here is based.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Upon assuming the purple, Vespasian adopted a policy of honoring illustrious members of the Julio-Claudian dynasty by issuing several commemorative coin types in their memory. Commemoration of the illustrious dead on coins originated during the later Republic and became an integral part of the legacy of deified Emperors.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Titus perpetuated his father's policy of honoring the illustrious dead by issuing commemorative coinage in a like manner. However, he now also began issuing coins that were struck using newly made dies designed to produce coins that closely resembled original coin types of the honorees but in more contemporary style. In BMCRE Vol II, TITUS-TYPES OF ROME, Mattingly states: "The 'restored' series of Titus served a double purpose; it preserved the memory of famous coins of the early Empire which were becoming obsolete and it emphasized in the public mind the continuity between the Flavian dynasty and its predecessor."</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">It is important to understand how the original coins were restored. For example the first restored AVGUSTUS As depicted here was based on an original As struck at the Rome mint by Tiberius to honor the deified Augustus and depicts a left facing radiate bust of Augustus on the Obverse with the legend <b>DIVVS AVGVSTVS PATER</b>. A spread winged Eagle standing on a Globe is depicted on the reverse with large <b>S C</b> left and right. This coin is cataloged in BMCRE (British Museum Coins Roman Empire), H. Mattingly, Vol. I, as Tiberius No. 155 and in RIC (Roman Imperial Coins, Spink), C.H.V. Sutherland, Vol. 1, as Tiberius No. 82. Mattingly notes that the eagle is not a Roman bird but rather a symbol of immortality (bearing the soul of Augustus toward heaven?). As restored by Titus, the obverse of this coin retains the original coin depiction of Augustus and the legend intact. The reverse retains the original spread winged eagle depiction but the following inscription is added: <b>IMP T CAES AVG RESTITVIT - S C</b> (above, left and right) which roughly equates to "The Emperor Titus is the restorer of this coin".</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><b>RESTITVIT</b> is sometimes abbreviated to <b>REST</b></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">There are variations of these reverse titulature inscriptions throughout the Restoration coin issues. As a general rule, Titus Restoration coins retain the original coin obverse depiction and inscription, although in an updated style, and also the reverse depiction, but change (or add) the restoration reverse inscriptions described here.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">The above restoration became the general model used by Titus for his coin restorations, again with some variances.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Only Aes coins - As, Dupondius and Sestertius - were restored. It was essentially Senatorial coinage yet was issued by Titus. Vespasian alone determined the style and content of his commemorative coinage. Titus, however, sought input from the Senate in the design and content of the restoration coinage. Evidentally it was important to him to have the two main powers of the State jointly honor the illustrious dead in this fashion and co-operation was reinforced by the striking of "Aes" coins bearing the usual Senatorial <b>S C</b> (Senatus Consulto) together with the "Restoration" legend. Of course, the Emperor was the supreme authority, and the Senate was subservient to him, but the traditional Senatorial control of the "Aes" coinage still had some relevance.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">The Emperor and the Senate, acting together, selected the deceased Augusti and family members they deemed worthy of being honored by the issuance of Restored coinage - a kind of official judgment of their records. Augustus, Tiberius, Claudius, Galba - and selected family members - were included. Caligula, Nero, Otho, Vitellius - and their family members were excluded.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">The following members of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, and Galba, were honored with Restored coins by Titus:</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Augustus - sestertius, dupondius, as</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Agrippa - as</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Tiberius - sestertius, as</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Drusus - as</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Livia - dupondius</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Nero Drusus - sestertius</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Germanicus - dupondius</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Agrippina I - sestertius</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Claudius - sestertius, dupondius as</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Galba - sestertius, dupondius, as</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">The Restoration coinage of Domitian in general followed that of Titus, but the output was much lighter and appears to be restricted to a short period at the beginning of his reign.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">The Restoration coinage of Nerva is different in that it only includes two honorees: Divus Augustus and Agrippina senior.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Trajan's Restoration/Restitution coinage was based on different criteria and he issued it in bronze, silver and gold. He also issued this coinage to honor Distinguished Republican families. There is some very interesting information relating to the Restoration/Restitution coinage of Trajan in <a href="https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=301355" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=301355" rel="nofollow">this CNG listing</a>. Note especially the Curtis Clay Commentary.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"></font>[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="jamesicus, post: 3739754, member: 14873"][FONT=Times New Roman] I know I said that I am reducing my collection to just twenty coins, but I simply cannot resist this fascinating series. When the dust settles, I will be adding two of these coins to my twenty to replace existing coins. Here is the updated iteration of the Titus Restoration web page: [IMG]https://jp29.org/000augrestx.jpg[/IMG] [I]AUGUSTUS AS, TITUS RESTORATION ISSUE, 80-81 AD[/I] [I](27mm, 10.71 gm)[/I] BMCRE Volume II, Rome, Titus No. 273-275 RIC Volume II, Part 1 (second edition), Titus, No. 462 Obverse depiction: Augustus, radiate head facing left Inscription: [B]DIVVS AVGVSTVS PATER[/B] Reverse depiction: Eagle with wings spread standing on Globe Inscription: [B]IMP T CAES AVG RESTITVIT - S C[/B] (above, left and right) Wildwinds Augustus RIC 462 [titus] text has incorrect obverse inscription [B]DIVI[/B] AVGVSTVS PATER Provenance: Ex Ancient Resource [IMG]https://jp29.org/000provident.jpg[/IMG] [I]AUGUSTUS AS, TITUS RESTORATION ISSUE, 80-81 AD[/I] [I](27mm, 10.03 gm)[/I] BMCRE Volume II, Rome, Titus No. 271 (variant) RIC Volume II, Part 1 (second edition), Titus, No. 454 Obverse depiction: Augustus, radiate head facing left Inscription: [B]DIVVS AVGVSTVS PATER[/B] Reverse depiction: Altar enclosure with double doors Inscription: [B]IMP T VESP AVG REST - S C[/B] (left and right) - [B]PROVIDENT[/B] (in exergue) Provenance: Ex Romanorum [IMG]https://jp29.org/000agrippinarest.jpg[/IMG] [I]AGRIPPA AS, TITUS RESTORATION ISSUE, 80-81 AD[/I] [I](27mm, 10.00 gm)[/I] [I]BMCRE Volume II, Rome, Titus No. 281 (Pl.54.9.)[/I] Obverse depiction: Agrippa, radiate head facing left wearing rostral crown Inscription: [B]AGRIPPA L F COS III[/B] Reverse depiction: Neptune standing left holding small dolphin and trident Inscription: [B]IMP T VESP AVG REST - S C[/B] (left and right) Provenance: Ex Incitatus [IMG]https://jp29.org/000ti1o.jpg[/IMG][IMG]https://jp29.org/000ti1r.jpg[/IMG] [I]CLAUDIUS SESTERTIUS, TITUS RESTORATION ISSUE, 80-81 AD[/I] [I](34.5mm, 23.12 gm)[/I] BMCRE Volume II, Rome, Titus No. 297 (pl. 56.1) RIC Volume II (1962 Edition), Rome, Titus, No. 234 RIC Volume II, Part 1 (second edition), Titus, No. 472 (Sear No. 2601) Obverse depiction: Claudius, laureate head facing right Inscription: [B]TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG PM TRP IMP PP[/B] Reverse depiction: Personification of Spes holding flower in right hand and demurely raising skirt with left hand Inscription: [B]IMP T VESP AVG REST - S C[/B] (left and right) [URL='http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/sear5/s2601.html#RIC_0472[titus]']Sear Roman Coins and their Values (RCV 2000 Edition) Number 2601[/URL] (via Wildwinds Claudius) [URL='https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=132778']Sale: CNG, Triton XII, Lot: 555 (5 January 2009)[/URL] Provenance: Ex Dr. V.J.A. Flynn Collection Ex Praefectus coins Background Notes Although both Restoration and Restitution are employed by modern day authors to describe this coinage, I employ Restoration here because that is the nomenclature used by Harold Mattingly in his seminal reference: THE "RESTORED" COINS OF OF TITUS, DOMITIAN AND NERVA - [I]The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society Fourth Series, Vol. 20 (1920), pp. 177-207 (31 pages)[/I] and on which much of the information presented here is based. Upon assuming the purple, Vespasian adopted a policy of honoring illustrious members of the Julio-Claudian dynasty by issuing several commemorative coin types in their memory. Commemoration of the illustrious dead on coins originated during the later Republic and became an integral part of the legacy of deified Emperors. Titus perpetuated his father's policy of honoring the illustrious dead by issuing commemorative coinage in a like manner. However, he now also began issuing coins that were struck using newly made dies designed to produce coins that closely resembled original coin types of the honorees but in more contemporary style. In BMCRE Vol II, TITUS-TYPES OF ROME, Mattingly states: "The 'restored' series of Titus served a double purpose; it preserved the memory of famous coins of the early Empire which were becoming obsolete and it emphasized in the public mind the continuity between the Flavian dynasty and its predecessor." It is important to understand how the original coins were restored. For example the first restored AVGUSTUS As depicted here was based on an original As struck at the Rome mint by Tiberius to honor the deified Augustus and depicts a left facing radiate bust of Augustus on the Obverse with the legend [B]DIVVS AVGVSTVS PATER[/B]. A spread winged Eagle standing on a Globe is depicted on the reverse with large [B]S C[/B] left and right. This coin is cataloged in BMCRE (British Museum Coins Roman Empire), H. Mattingly, Vol. I, as Tiberius No. 155 and in RIC (Roman Imperial Coins, Spink), C.H.V. Sutherland, Vol. 1, as Tiberius No. 82. Mattingly notes that the eagle is not a Roman bird but rather a symbol of immortality (bearing the soul of Augustus toward heaven?). As restored by Titus, the obverse of this coin retains the original coin depiction of Augustus and the legend intact. The reverse retains the original spread winged eagle depiction but the following inscription is added: [B]IMP T CAES AVG RESTITVIT - S C[/B] (above, left and right) which roughly equates to "The Emperor Titus is the restorer of this coin". [B]RESTITVIT[/B] is sometimes abbreviated to [B]REST[/B] There are variations of these reverse titulature inscriptions throughout the Restoration coin issues. As a general rule, Titus Restoration coins retain the original coin obverse depiction and inscription, although in an updated style, and also the reverse depiction, but change (or add) the restoration reverse inscriptions described here. The above restoration became the general model used by Titus for his coin restorations, again with some variances. Only Aes coins - As, Dupondius and Sestertius - were restored. It was essentially Senatorial coinage yet was issued by Titus. Vespasian alone determined the style and content of his commemorative coinage. Titus, however, sought input from the Senate in the design and content of the restoration coinage. Evidentally it was important to him to have the two main powers of the State jointly honor the illustrious dead in this fashion and co-operation was reinforced by the striking of "Aes" coins bearing the usual Senatorial [B]S C[/B] (Senatus Consulto) together with the "Restoration" legend. Of course, the Emperor was the supreme authority, and the Senate was subservient to him, but the traditional Senatorial control of the "Aes" coinage still had some relevance. The Emperor and the Senate, acting together, selected the deceased Augusti and family members they deemed worthy of being honored by the issuance of Restored coinage - a kind of official judgment of their records. Augustus, Tiberius, Claudius, Galba - and selected family members - were included. Caligula, Nero, Otho, Vitellius - and their family members were excluded. The following members of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, and Galba, were honored with Restored coins by Titus: Augustus - sestertius, dupondius, as Agrippa - as Tiberius - sestertius, as Drusus - as Livia - dupondius Nero Drusus - sestertius Germanicus - dupondius Agrippina I - sestertius Claudius - sestertius, dupondius as Galba - sestertius, dupondius, as The Restoration coinage of Domitian in general followed that of Titus, but the output was much lighter and appears to be restricted to a short period at the beginning of his reign. The Restoration coinage of Nerva is different in that it only includes two honorees: Divus Augustus and Agrippina senior. Trajan's Restoration/Restitution coinage was based on different criteria and he issued it in bronze, silver and gold. He also issued this coinage to honor Distinguished Republican families. There is some very interesting information relating to the Restoration/Restitution coinage of Trajan in [URL='https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=301355']this CNG listing[/URL]. Note especially the Curtis Clay Commentary. [/FONT][/QUOTE]
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