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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;NSisci, post: 2441800, member: 79427&quot;]Hi everyone, I&#039;m new to this forum, this is my first post here. I am returning to join a numismatic forum after a long pause. I was formerly named Taras on Forvm ancient coins, I deleted my account there some months ago, after my disaccord with the owner of that site.</p><p><br /></p><p>Well, congratulations ancientnut, your coin is really awesome!!</p><p><br /></p><p>The types are listed by Sidney P. Noe as entry B2, of which he identified 15 specimens.</p><p><br /></p><p>We can date the issue 413-412 BC, for the following reasons: this is the first obverse die on which the Skylla replaced the wreath of Athena&#039;s helmet. The wreath on the helm was a sign of the strong influence of Athens on the Panhellenic colony of Thoúrioi<i>,</i> a foundation commissioned by Pericles around 443 BC; the city adopted the new obverse die with Skylla after the defeat of Athens by Syracuse occurred in 413 BC., and the new type persisted for many decades on the city&#039;s coinage. According to Noe, in the Skylla we may see an apotropaic motif featuring a native myth and replacing the form adopted when the Athenians were in power. Noe&#039;s B2 issue is the earliest with Skylla.</p><p><br /></p><p>So 413 BC as &quot;terminus post quem&quot; for the coin object of this thread.</p><p>The &quot;terminus ante quem&quot; is given by the Phi letter, the signature of the engraver Phrygillos, who left south Italy to move to Syracuse in 412 BC. The same artist also engraved the dies of the Thurian staters with the bird on reverse.</p><p><br /></p><p>About the reverse, Noe&#039;s group B distaters are the only one where the lowered head of the bull is seen to be in profile, for all the following groups the bull&#039;s head will be turned so as to be partly facing.</p><p>The type of the earliest issues was clearly inspired by this wonderful work of art:</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]508989[/ATTACH]</p><p>This bronze sculpure, today stored at Sibari in the Museo archeologico nazionale della Sibaritide, was discovered in 2004 during archaelogical excavation in the area of ancient Sybaris/Thoúrioi/Thurium/Copia. Today is widely considered by scholars as the most important bronze sculpture from Magna Graecia. The technique of bronze casting allowed archaeologists to date it to the last quarter of V century BC, dating consistent with the beginning of the coinage of Thoúrioi. Interestingly the piece was restored in roman times, when the original piece, made by Greeks by a single casting foundry using the indirect lost wax method, was integrated by overlaying low quality metal sheets. Originally the charging bull likely represented for Greeks the power of the local river Sybaris, where the newborn Panhellenic colony was founded, on the ruins of the archaic polis of Sybaris destroyed by Kroton about 100 years earlier. Romans probably re-used the piece as a statue of the Egyptian god Apis, in fact it was found by archaeologists in the area of ancient Thurium/Copia, in layers dating back to 1st c. AD, where stood a Roman Imperial temple dedicated to Isis.</p><p><br /></p><p>Bye <img src="styles/default/xenforo/clear.png" class="mceSmilieSprite mceSmilie1" alt=":)" unselectable="on" unselectable="on" /></p><p>Nico[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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