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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;Gavin Richardson, post: 3216531, member: 83956&quot;]Great first Constantine!</p><p><br /></p><p>Roman Collector has done a nice job helping with the legend. Here&#039;s a little more info:</p><p><br /></p><p>Obverse<b>:</b> IMP C CONSTANTINVS PF AVG.</p><p><br /></p><p>The IMP stands for &quot;Imperator,&quot; a term we might simply gloss as &quot;emperor,&quot; but it originally had a military meaning of &quot;commander,&quot; just like the President of the United States is also &quot;Commander in Chief.&quot;</p><p><br /></p><p>I&#039;m honestly not sure about the &quot;extra&quot; C before &quot;CONSTANTINVS.&quot; It probably means &quot;Caesar,&quot; another title, but Constantine did have &quot;Gaius&quot; as part of his name, so that can&#039;t be ruled out. Maybe [USER=10613]@Victor_Clark[/USER] can tell us.</p><p><br /></p><p>PF stands for &quot;pius&quot; and &quot;felix,&quot; a fairly standard group of adjectives. &quot;<i>Pius</i>&quot; is related to English &quot;pious,&quot; but the Latin term is more generous, since &quot;<i>pietas</i>&quot; is the Roman principle of being devoted to the gods, to family, and to country. Thus the &quot;pius&quot; man is marked by devotion to all the appropriate things for a Roman. &quot;Felix&quot; can mean a range of things--fortunate, happy, blessed.</p><p><br /></p><p>And of course, he is the &quot;AVGustus,&quot; the supreme ruler, at least in the West.</p><p><br /></p><p>So I&#039;d gloss the obverse something like, <b>&quot;The Commander [C?] Constantine, the Pious and Blessed Augustus.&quot;</b></p><p><br /></p><p>Reverse<b>:</b> IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG N N / • TS•E</p><p><br /></p><p>Roman Collector has already parsed the reverse. The &quot;dative case&quot; just means that the endings of the words convey grammatical information; most Roman coin reverse legends are in the dative because this case indicates that this coin or legend is <i>dedicated to</i> the deity or concept named--in this case, <i>to </i>Jove.</p><p><br /></p><p>One interesting detail--when you see these forms terminating in an &quot;extra&quot; letter, it means there&#039;s more than one of something. We might expect AVG here, but we get AVGG with an extra G because there are <u>two </u>Augusti at this time--I presume Constantine and Licinius. The N here stands for the first-person possessive plural pronoun &quot;our&quot; in Latin--<i>noster </i>(genitive: <i>nostri</i>), but the <u>two </u>N&#039;s -NN- pattern with the two -GGs because of the two Augusti.</p><p><br /></p><p>So to borrow [USER=75937]@Roman Collector[/USER]&#039;s parsing, this coin reverse is struck <b>&quot;To Jupiter the Perserver/Protector/Defender of our Augusti.&quot;</b>[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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