Mint process simplified and why errors and varieties occur .

Hope you all don’t mind but I thought I’d take it upon myself to write up a thread on the Minting process and how Errors and varieties occur. I took out a few technical things just to help simplify this for new people in the world of collecting.


This will only take up a few minutes of your time to explain. Please bear with me


Imho,

Creating coins has been going on for more than a few thousand of years. From what I read the oldest coin found. Was around 2700 years old. Which is really cool!! but let’s try to stay on topic for a moment.


From the early stages of coin making.The process has not changed very much. ( of course one may disagree)


To make a coin one needs a hammer a die ( with obverse image ) a piece of metal (planchet)and an Anvil die.(or an anvil with a separate die for the bottom) reverse image.

Punch the metal (planchet/blank) with your die(s) onto the anvil and your coin is ready.

The blanks or planchets are cut prior to strike.


In Modern times we changed the process to create higher mintage production. By designing machinery that will speed up the process. Computers are now and have been for many years doing a lot of the work.

Yet even machines,computers and humans can mistakenly make errors and varieties to occur.


With modern machines we have three main parts that create the images on the coins that you see today.

1. The Hammer Die ( creates the obverse image)
2. The Collar ( retains the planchet) and creates the rim
3. The Anvil Die ( creates the reverse image)

The die(s) creates the impression.

• If one is offset it can create many errors and or variety.
• If a Die is worn or damaged it can create an error or variety.
• If the collar is out of alignment it can create an error or variety.
• If there is a debris from the machine or outside force; it can create an error or variety.

Such as :

• misaligned die strike (or Mad)
• Collar clash
• Doubled image
• Mad obverse
• Mad reverse
• Distorted image
• Distorted letters or numerals
• Clipped planchet
• Double strike/triple strike
• Quad strike?(never seen one)
• Ect..

Now that you know how a coin is made. All one has to do is find out which error or variety it is.

The best thing is!! You came to the right place
to ask questions and get great great advice!


If anyone thinks I might have missed anything or made a mistake or would just like to add onto this. With links or mint process videos pictures.

That would be wonderful and very much appreciated!

Thank you in advance!!


Also!!! The great people here on cointalk have a lot of valuable information and input!!

With many years of experience in collecting and or working in the field of coins! In all aspects.


Please be respectful, mind your manners ,thank you and take care!
Happy coin hunting!

 

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This!

It has become increasingly more evident to me that you adhere to a championing mentally. I appreciate you for this

 

Thank you!
I have always enjoyed helping people!

 

Incorrect.. It's not Double letters nor Double numerals. It is a Doubled image from a Die that when the Hub was created a Doubled image was formed. One strike with a Doubled Image.

 

Hi
Thank you @paddyman98
I edited it and took it out!

 

So much fun! Someday I will add smithing to my repertoire and amongst the myriad will be a token of sorts. I am looking forward to it!

 

Many scholars of ancient coins point to the state of Lydia, in roughly 610 BC, as the origin of coinage. As a center of commerce between Asia and Greece, and blessed with wealth of abundant electrum (a naturally occuring alloy of gold and silver, and found in the river Pactolus), Lydia King Alyattes' stamped his emblem of a roaring lion on disks of electrum to first become a state-issued currency.

what a beautiful looking coin!

http://custom.nwtmint.com/minting_history.php

 

A few websites on history in coins through the ages.
At different mints and museums.
I tried to pick out some of the ones that had a little more research and pictures. Hope you enjoy!


United States mint history through the gov.mint


https://www.usmint.gov/learn/history/coin-production


https://www.littletoncoin.com/shop/Early-American-Coins


Philadelphia mint

https://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/united-states-mint-philadelphia/



New Orleans mint

https://us-mint.info/New-Orleans-Mint.html


Denver mint


https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/denver-mint


San Francisco


http://www.ronhenggeler.com/Newsletters/2015/8.8/Newsletter.html

————————————————



19Th century development in minting technology in Denmark and Japan

https://www.danskmoent.dk/artikler/mmJapan.htm




1700 London

Mathew bulton and James watt


https://eicships.threedecks.org/ships/s815/boulton.htm


Soho mint


http://sohomint.info/mintequip.html



Paris mint


https://www.monnaiedeparis.fr/en/1-150-years-of-history




Chinese coins history

http://primaltrek.com/chinesecoins.html




Royal mint Britain


http://www.royalmintmuseum.org.uk/history/the-royal-mint-story/index.html



South Africa mint


https://www.providentmetals.com/knowledge-center/collectible-coins/south-african-mint-history.html



The Russian Money Museum


https://museum.goznak.ru/en/about/exposition/



Canadian mint


https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/royal-canadian-mint


http://www.coinsandcanada.com/coins...story-of-the-first-canadian-gold-coins&id=393

 

Ok.. But what does this coin have anything to do with Mint Errors or varieties? You went off track there buddy

 

I know just wanted to show where it all started.

I would really love this thread to stay pinned at the top of the list for everyone. Not sure how to? Do I have to get a thousand likes?

 

2005

I don't know the standards used in other countries, but I have a list of the allowed tolerance for most US coins.( this was from another site that conder101 had stated)( not sure if that is our @Conder101 )


Small cent 1856 - 1971 was 2 grains or +/- .13 grams

Small cent 1972 - 1982 was 1.9 grains +/- .12 grams

nickels 1855 - date 3 grains +/- .19 grams

dimes 1.5 grains +/- .09 grams


quarters 3 grains +/- .19 grames (notice it is geting stricter. Weight of coin up 2.5 times, tolerance up only 2 times)


Halves 4 grains +/- .26 grams (weight up 100% tolerance up 33%)


silver dollar 6 grains +/- .39 grams (weight up 100% tolerance up 50% compared to the dime the weight is up ten times, tolerance up four times.)


Ike dollar 40% or clad 8 grains +/- .52 grams This is the only clad coin not held to the same standard as the silver versions.


Gold coins were held to much stricter tolerances especially as the weight increased.


gold dollar .25 grains +/- .02 grams


quarter eagle .25 grains +/- .02 grams weight up 150% tolerance up 0%


three dollar .25 grains +/- .02 grams still 0% increase in tolerance


half eagle .25 grains +/- .02 grams still 0% increase in tolerance


eagle .5 grains +/- .04 grains ten times the weight of the gold dollar with only a doubling of the tolerance allowance.


Double eagles .5 grains +/- .04 grams Weight doubled again with no increase in tolerance.

 

Error Refrence websites and listings:
( and some of the most asked about errors )

————————————————

Error-ref.com is Presented By

Mike Diamond (Senior Editor & Author)

@Fred Weinberg (Consulting Editor)

!!!!!HIGHLY Recommend!!!!!

http://www.error-ref.com


A doubled die (hub doubling) is caused by a misalignment or a mismatch between a working hub and a working die. The CORRECT terminology for this anomaly is “doubled die” or “hub doubling”. No other term is acceptable.


http://www.error-ref.com/?s=Doubled die


———————————————-


Variety Vista ( RPM guide for Lincoln’s cents 1959-1989


http://www.varietyvista.com/02b LC RPMs Vol 2/index.htm



Wexlers (die varieties and error references )


http://doubleddie.com



Lincoln’s cent resource ( another great guide for Lincoln’s)

http://lincolncentresource.com/index.html



USA nickels doubled die varieties


https://www2.briansvarietycoins.com/listings/cat/13


Shield nickels


http://www.shieldnickels.net



Seated dime varieties ( seems to be a very in-depth information)

http://www.seateddimevarieties.com/New_Discoveries.htm


Roosevelt dime die varieties


http://www.varietyvista.com/07 Roosevelt Dimes/DDO Listings.htm



Washington Quarters


http://washington-quarters.com/blog/key-dates-and-errors/



Barber Quarters

http://www.barbercoins.org/Barber-Quarters-Varieties.shtml




Presidential dollars


https://presidentialdollarguide.com/presidential-dollar-error-coins/



American VAMs silver dollar lists

Vam world


http://ec2-13-58-222-16.us-east-2.compute.amazonaws.com/wiki/1896-O_VAMs




NGC ( gives you some great details on coins- as long as you click on “the learn more”)


https://www.ngccoin.com/variety-plus/united-states/

————————————————-
Die deterioration Doubling: Definition:

Die deterioration doubling (DDD) is an extremely common form of mint-made error on many United States and Canadian coins that results from degradation of the die used to strike the coin. .



M.A.D. ( misaligned Die Strike) Definition: A dual or bifacial misalignment consists of a horizontal misalignment of both dies.

Mad die clashes

http://www.maddieclashes.com



Pidt (progressive indirect die transfer) Definition: Progressive Indirect Design Transfer. Definition: This is a lesser known form of die deterioration which transfers design outlines from one die to the other. ... Progressive indirect design transfer chiefly involves large, centrally-located design elements.

http://www.error-ref.com/progressive-indirect-design-transfer/


Curved clips

Definition: A curved clip is generated when a punch (blanking die) overlaps a previously-punched hole in the coin metal strip.

http://www.error-ref.com/_curved_clips_/


CUD definition: A cud whose connection to the die’s edge is considerably narrower than its maximum width.

Cuds Error reference

http://www.error-ref.com/cuds/


http://cuds-on-coins.com/lincoln-cent-bies/



Die crack-

Definition: Die cracks that form as the result of an impact.


http://www.error-ref.com/?s=Die crack



RPM ( repunched mint mark)

Definition: This variety type occurs when a mintmark is punched into a working die and then repunched with the same letter, but with a different font style.

http://www.error-ref.com/?s=Rpm


Die Collar Clash

Definition:

A collar clash represents damage to the rim gutter of the die from contact with the collar.

http://www.error-ref.com/collar-clash/



PMD ( post mint damage)

Definition: refers to any damage a coin has suffered after leaving the mint. Common examples of damaged coins (those with PMD) are any U.S. coins with: Scratches gouges, dents and dirt.

———————————————-

Canadian Error and varieties

http://www.coinscan.com/err/error.html


(This site has coin value and some listed errors as well as compositions)

http://www.coinsandcanada.com



Hope this helps!

 

Hi everyone

After very extensive research I hope you all enjoyed this thread I put together. I will try to update information when I have time available. Coin collecting is only one of my hobbies and projects.

Too many to list!

Plus, I have children that require a lot of my attention at this time. Which I enjoy every moment!

Don’t worry! I’ll still be around learning and giving advice when I can I enjoy being apart of your community!



I would like to give a special thank you to a few members. I also would like to thank everyone for all there hard work at helping everyone that comes onto cointalk! You are all doing a great job at helping us understand!!


Thank you

@paddyman98 ( if he leaves a comment/please listen to his advice ! He really knows his stuff! With many years of experience!)


@Fred Weinberg

( king of coins? Maybe. The information he holds and years of experience is well known through the coin world! ) ( please, listen to his advice)


Thank you all our Supporters!!!

Thank you all our Moderators!!

Thank you our Numismatists!!


Thank you

@Conder101

@spirityoda

@Bill in Burl


Thank you everyone!!

Thank you Followers!!

We appreciate your help!!

!!Please Support your Supporters!!


Please,take care

Peace and love to you all
If I forgot anyone I apologize!

:) !!!Happy Coin Hunting!!! :)

 

The Denver mint produces roughly $100,000 a day in coins.

 

Looks like fun.
I’d be checking for errors

 

I found a 1975 with deep and wide cuts that match the color of the penny. Would that be worth anything?? Also I only have my cell phone and I cannot figure out how to get the pic of the penny I took to this site also it is only on the monument side of the penny

 

Hi
Welcome to ct!
Imho,The best thing to do is create your own separate thread.
If you look at the top of the screen
It will look similar to the picture I posted. Then click “create new thread”.
Hope this helps

Also it is difficult to tell with out pictures and a description of said coin in question.
Thank you
Please take care