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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;+VGO.DVCKS, post: 8161525, member: 110504&quot;]Many thanks for that, [USER=56653]@seth77[/USER].&nbsp; ...I&#039;m still going to look at Malloy&#039;s introductory stuff, just to see the parameters of the research and interpretation up to that point.</p><p>...But different <i>mints</i>?&nbsp; I can&#039;t think of a single western European coin with a mint name (never mind a local landmark) that doesn&#039;t refer specifically to that locality.&nbsp; --Granted, Jerusalem was a kingdom as well as a city, but for me, it&#039;s still a stretch.&nbsp; And when they weren&#039;t imitating Byzantines, Fatimids or Ayyubids, the Franks seem to have followed broad western European precedent fairly consistently. </p><p>That general ethos obviously goes back to the beginning.&nbsp; My favorite example is Godfrey de Bouillon adopting the title &#039;Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre.&#039;&nbsp; In northern France, the title of &#039;advocate,&#039; specifically referring to the defense of a local religious institution, was frequently adopted by local lords, prior to referring to themselves as counts.&nbsp; (Cf. Dunbabin, <u>France In the Making</u> --cheat, and use the index.&nbsp; Also given reference in Koziol&#039;s <u>Begging Pardon and Favor: Ritual and Political Order in Early Medieval France</u>.)[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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