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<p>[QUOTE="svessien, post: 7802721, member: 15481"]The early settlers of Iceland came from my area; the west coast of Norway. I asked one of the local archeaologists here if he knew if there were found a lot of Roman coins here, and if so; which was the earliest. He said that was a Hadrian denarius. So those 3rd century coins may come from trade with the continent, which was going on at least from the Scandinavian bronze age.</p><p><br /></p><p>How fun that you are on holiday in Iceland!</p><p><br /></p><p>I haven’t been buying a lot of medieval coins this year, but I have two new ones. None of them really classify as «European medieval», however:</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1339977[/ATTACH] </p><p><br /></p><p>Iran, Great Seljuqs</p><p><br /></p><p>Sanjar, as viceroy under Barkiyaruq AD 1097-1098/AH 490-492</p><p><br /></p><p><i>AV dinar, date off, Mint off, but Nishapur style.</i></p><p><br /></p><p>Reference: Album 1685. Wilkes 1834.</p><p><br /></p><p>Size: 18mm. Weight: 2,89g Crude as usual</p><p><br /></p><p>Sanjar, in full Muʿizz al-Dīn Sanjar, (born 1084/86—died May 8, 1157), <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Seljuq" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Seljuq" rel="nofollow">Seljuq</a>prince of <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Khorasan-historical-region-Asia" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Khorasan-historical-region-Asia" rel="nofollow">Khorāsān</a> from <i>c.</i> 1096 to 1157, whose fame almost eclipses that of the “Great Seljuqs” because of the length of his reign, his power and victories in its first half, his disasters in the second, and the fact that he was the last real Seljuq <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/sultan-Islamic-title" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/sultan-Islamic-title" rel="nofollow">sultan</a>in <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Iran" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Iran" rel="nofollow">Iran</a>.</p><p><br /></p><p>Appointed governor of Khorāsān by his half brother Berk-yaruq, who succeeded <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Malik-Shah" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Malik-Shah" rel="nofollow">Malik-Shāh</a> as sultan, Sanjar in fact acted as an independent prince throughout his reign and after the death of his full brother Muhammad in 1118 was regarded as the head of the Seljuq house. His longevity saved Khorāsān from the internecine struggles that destroyed the other Seljuq lines and enabled him to maintain an organized government in spite of the growing dangers that gathered around him.</p><p><br /></p><p>Sanjar established his suzerainty over the Turkish Qarakhanid princes of Transoxania and over the Ghaznavids of the Indian borderland. He entered Ghazna (Ghaznī) itself in 1117 and there installed his own nominee on the throne. Later, however, the <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/insubordination" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/insubordination" rel="nofollow">insubordination</a> of his viceroy Atsiz in Khwārezm (modern Khiva) and the appearance of a new and dangerous enemy in Transoxania eroded Sanjar’s position. His new enemy was the recently founded confederacy of Central Asian tribes under the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Karakitai-dynasty" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Karakitai-dynasty" rel="nofollow">Karakitai</a>, with whom the Turkish Qarluqs of Transoxania made common cause. Sanjar suffered a terrible defeat near Samarkand in 1141; Transoxania was lost, and the Karakitai established a distant suzerainty over Khwārezm. Sanjar maintained his hold over Khorāsān in spite of Atsiz, but he had suffered a great loss of <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/prestige" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/prestige" rel="nofollow">prestige</a> and power; the fame of his defeat even reached Europe, where it took the form of the <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/legend" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/legend" rel="nofollow">legend</a> of <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Prester-John-legendary-ruler" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Prester-John-legendary-ruler" rel="nofollow">Prester John</a>, the Christian priest-king who was to destroy Islam (there were Nestorian Christians among the Karakitai). Finally there was an uprising of the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Oguz" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Oguz" rel="nofollow">Oğuz</a>(Ghuzz) tribes in Sanjar’s realm. Although originally the instrument of the Seljuqid conquests, they had never accepted a centralized administration. In 1153 they captured the old sultan and kept him prisoner for two years, <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/albeit" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/albeit" rel="nofollow">albeit</a> with respect. He escaped but died without having restored order in Khorāsān.</p><p><br /></p><p>(Source: Britannica)</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1339978[/ATTACH] </p><p><br /></p><p>France, Lorraine. Duché, Antoine (1508-1544),</p><p><br /></p><p><i>AR gros, no date, Nancy.</i></p><p><br /></p><p>Obverse: Ecu couronné.</p><p><br /></p><p>Reverse: Bras armé sortant d''une nuée.</p><p><br /></p><p>Reference: Flon 598, 84; Saulcy XIV, 13; coll. Robert 1409. </p><p><br /></p><p>Size: Weight: 1,63g. Conservation: VF</p><p><br /></p><p>Antoine, known as the Good, was Duke of Lorraine from 1508 until his death in 1544. Raised at the French court, Antoine would campaign in Italy twice: once under Louis XII and the other with Francis I. During the German Peasants' War, he would defeat two armies while retaking Saverne and Sélestat. Antoine succeeded in freeing Lorraine from the Holy Roman Empire with the Treaty of Nuremberg of 1542. In 1544, while Antoine suffered from an illness, the Duchy of Lorraine was invaded by Emperor Charles V's army on their way to attack France. Fleeing the Imperial armies, Antoine was taken to Bar-le-Duc where he died.[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="svessien, post: 7802721, member: 15481"]The early settlers of Iceland came from my area; the west coast of Norway. I asked one of the local archeaologists here if he knew if there were found a lot of Roman coins here, and if so; which was the earliest. He said that was a Hadrian denarius. So those 3rd century coins may come from trade with the continent, which was going on at least from the Scandinavian bronze age. How fun that you are on holiday in Iceland! I haven’t been buying a lot of medieval coins this year, but I have two new ones. None of them really classify as «European medieval», however: [ATTACH=full]1339977[/ATTACH] Iran, Great Seljuqs Sanjar, as viceroy under Barkiyaruq AD 1097-1098/AH 490-492 [I]AV dinar, date off, Mint off, but Nishapur style.[/I] Reference: Album 1685. Wilkes 1834. Size: 18mm. Weight: 2,89g Crude as usual Sanjar, in full Muʿizz al-Dīn Sanjar, (born 1084/86—died May 8, 1157), [URL='https://www.britannica.com/topic/Seljuq']Seljuq[/URL]prince of [URL='https://www.britannica.com/place/Khorasan-historical-region-Asia']Khorāsān[/URL] from [I]c.[/I] 1096 to 1157, whose fame almost eclipses that of the “Great Seljuqs” because of the length of his reign, his power and victories in its first half, his disasters in the second, and the fact that he was the last real Seljuq [URL='https://www.britannica.com/topic/sultan-Islamic-title']sultan[/URL]in [URL='https://www.britannica.com/place/Iran']Iran[/URL]. Appointed governor of Khorāsān by his half brother Berk-yaruq, who succeeded [URL='https://www.britannica.com/biography/Malik-Shah']Malik-Shāh[/URL] as sultan, Sanjar in fact acted as an independent prince throughout his reign and after the death of his full brother Muhammad in 1118 was regarded as the head of the Seljuq house. His longevity saved Khorāsān from the internecine struggles that destroyed the other Seljuq lines and enabled him to maintain an organized government in spite of the growing dangers that gathered around him. Sanjar established his suzerainty over the Turkish Qarakhanid princes of Transoxania and over the Ghaznavids of the Indian borderland. He entered Ghazna (Ghaznī) itself in 1117 and there installed his own nominee on the throne. Later, however, the [URL='https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/insubordination']insubordination[/URL] of his viceroy Atsiz in Khwārezm (modern Khiva) and the appearance of a new and dangerous enemy in Transoxania eroded Sanjar’s position. His new enemy was the recently founded confederacy of Central Asian tribes under the [URL='https://www.britannica.com/topic/Karakitai-dynasty']Karakitai[/URL], with whom the Turkish Qarluqs of Transoxania made common cause. Sanjar suffered a terrible defeat near Samarkand in 1141; Transoxania was lost, and the Karakitai established a distant suzerainty over Khwārezm. Sanjar maintained his hold over Khorāsān in spite of Atsiz, but he had suffered a great loss of [URL='https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/prestige']prestige[/URL] and power; the fame of his defeat even reached Europe, where it took the form of the [URL='https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/legend']legend[/URL] of [URL='https://www.britannica.com/topic/Prester-John-legendary-ruler']Prester John[/URL], the Christian priest-king who was to destroy Islam (there were Nestorian Christians among the Karakitai). Finally there was an uprising of the [URL='https://www.britannica.com/topic/Oguz']Oğuz[/URL](Ghuzz) tribes in Sanjar’s realm. Although originally the instrument of the Seljuqid conquests, they had never accepted a centralized administration. In 1153 they captured the old sultan and kept him prisoner for two years, [URL='https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/albeit']albeit[/URL] with respect. He escaped but died without having restored order in Khorāsān. (Source: Britannica) [ATTACH=full]1339978[/ATTACH] France, Lorraine. Duché, Antoine (1508-1544), [I]AR gros, no date, Nancy.[/I] Obverse: Ecu couronné. Reverse: Bras armé sortant d''une nuée. Reference: Flon 598, 84; Saulcy XIV, 13; coll. Robert 1409. Size: Weight: 1,63g. Conservation: VF Antoine, known as the Good, was Duke of Lorraine from 1508 until his death in 1544. Raised at the French court, Antoine would campaign in Italy twice: once under Louis XII and the other with Francis I. During the German Peasants' War, he would defeat two armies while retaking Saverne and Sélestat. Antoine succeeded in freeing Lorraine from the Holy Roman Empire with the Treaty of Nuremberg of 1542. In 1544, while Antoine suffered from an illness, the Duchy of Lorraine was invaded by Emperor Charles V's army on their way to attack France. Fleeing the Imperial armies, Antoine was taken to Bar-le-Duc where he died.[/QUOTE]
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