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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;seth77, post: 7481927, member: 56653&quot;]This is something new for me, venturing into [USER=74712]@FitzNigel[/USER] &#039;s territory:</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1294576[/ATTACH] </p><p>Anonymous during the reign of Guillaume dit &quot;Le Batard/Le Conquerant (1035-1087)</p><p>- AE21x18mm, 0.76g, billon denier au trois frontons pointes, ca. 470/1000, Rouen or Bayeux(?) mints, ca. 1060s-1070s(?)</p><p>- ROTOMAGVS(?) or similar degeneree legend; cross with croisettes in first and fourth quarters and besants in 2nd and 3rd quarters</p><p>- Three triangular building frontons with besants in the middle arranged in the shape of a large triangle with besants and lettering around; croisette in the middle(?)</p><p>- cf. Boudeau 8, Poey d&#039;Avant #149 Pl. V 14; Dumas pl. XIX 6</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Notes:</b> By the third quarter of the 11th century the coinage of Normandy was fully degenerated -- the legends were the first to lose their regular shape and meaning, then the devices became abstract images hinting to the architectural types of the 10th century, which in turn were themselves imitated from the Carolingian &quot;temple&quot; types. The weight of the specimens in this phase is also low, to around an average of 0.72g, struck on squarish and irregular flans.</p><p><br /></p><p>Dumas dates the types to which this specimen pertains to around 1060-1075 (in Group B/C) and the metalurgical analysis mentioned by her (p.103, 119 Les Monnaies Normandes, RN 1979) indicates a title of around 470/1000. These coinages could be the back end of the &quot;moneta nova&quot; of the 11th century, mentioned by the Abbot of Fecamp (L. Musset - Sur les mutations de la monnaie ducale normande au XIe siecle. Deux documents inedits, R.N. 1969 p. 291-3) in a text dated from ca. 1028 to 1066.</p><p><br /></p><p>This specimen seems to be following a type introduced in Group B (on full flan, from perhaps 1035-1050 as seen <a href="http://www.ateliersmonetairesnormands.org/Vers-1050-Guillaume-le-Batard" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.ateliersmonetairesnormands.org/Vers-1050-Guillaume-le-Batard" rel="nofollow">here</a>), but at a later and more degenerated phase, dating possibly from the later 1060s to around the time of the Norman invasion of England and after. </p><p><br /></p><p>Seems to be a scarce type, confirmed by both Poey d&#039;Avant (1 specimen) and Dumas ( 44specs: 1spec Chateuneuf-sur-Cher p. 118, 3specs Sombor (Hungary) p. 122, 1spec var. Winchester p. 123, 36specs Aversa (Italy) p. 124, 1spec Roma-San Pietro (Italy) p. 125, 1spec Rouen-Abbaye de Saint Lo p. 126, 1 spec &quot;Avant 1909&quot; p. 132) -- while Lafaurie in Tresor de deniers du XI siecle trouve a Gaillefontaine (Seine-Maritime), Annales de Normandie 1980 pp. 117-129 counts 60specs of the earlier Dumas Group B type &quot;au trois frontons&quot; - the most numerous type of the hoard (p.121), dating them to the beginning of the rule of Guillaume or a bit earlier (to 1025/35). The continuation of degenerated types -- represented by the specimen in question here -- to the 1070s and the multitude of types minted during this period could indicate minting at both Rouen and Bayeux(?) during the period 1035-1100 (Dumas, Pilet-Lemiere - La monnaie normande Xe-XIe siecle. Le point de la recherche en 1987, Actes du deuxième congrès international d&#039;archéologie médiévale (Caen, 2-4 octobre 1987) Caen : Société d&#039;Archéologie Médiévale, 1989. pp. 125-131, p. 128).</p><p><br /></p><p>Other specimens: sold by <a href="https://www.inumis.com/shop/normandie-au-nom-de-richard-ii-ou-guillaume-le-conquerant-denier-aux-trois-frontons-s-d-1035-1087-rouen-1902344/" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.inumis.com/shop/normandie-au-nom-de-richard-ii-ou-guillaume-le-conquerant-denier-aux-trois-frontons-s-d-1035-1087-rouen-1902344/" rel="nofollow">iNumis</a>, offered by <a href="https://www.numisbids.com/n.php?p=lot&amp;sid=4056&amp;lot=813" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.numisbids.com/n.php?p=lot&amp;sid=4056&amp;lot=813" rel="nofollow">Jean Elsen</a>, two other specs for sale <a href="https://www.ma-shops.com/franz/item.php?id=401324" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.ma-shops.com/franz/item.php?id=401324" rel="nofollow">here</a> and <a href="https://www.ma-shops.com/franz/item.php?id=401322" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.ma-shops.com/franz/item.php?id=401322" rel="nofollow">here</a> and on <a href="https://www.ebay.com/itm/N-26-DENIER-DE-NORMANDIE-Anonyme-XIeme-XIIeme-siecle-RARE/143815870790?_trkparms=aid%3D1110006%26algo%3DHOMESPLICE.SIM%26ao%3D1%26asc%3D20160323102634%26meid%3D0841debfcef642febfa3d40ed8cef87d%26pid%3D100623%26rk%3D5%26rkt%3D5%26sd%3D261176276169%26itm%3D143815870790%26pmt%3D0%26noa%3D1%26pg%3D2047675%26algv%3DDefaultOrganic&amp;_trksid=p2047675.c100623.m-1" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.ebay.com/itm/N-26-DENIER-DE-NORMANDIE-Anonyme-XIeme-XIIeme-siecle-RARE/143815870790?_trkparms=aid%3D1110006%26algo%3DHOMESPLICE.SIM%26ao%3D1%26asc%3D20160323102634%26meid%3D0841debfcef642febfa3d40ed8cef87d%26pid%3D100623%26rk%3D5%26rkt%3D5%26sd%3D261176276169%26itm%3D143815870790%26pmt%3D0%26noa%3D1%26pg%3D2047675%26algv%3DDefaultOrganic&amp;_trksid=p2047675.c100623.m-1" rel="nofollow">ebay</a>.</p><p><br /></p><p>As this is my first direct interest into Norman coinage from Normandy proper, I might be wrong in my attribution.[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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