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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;+VGO.DVCKS, post: 5144020, member: 110504&quot;][ATTACH=full]1207605[/ATTACH]</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1207606[/ATTACH]</p><p>Metz, Jacques de Lorraine, Bishop 1239-1260.</p><p>Obv. Half profile to left, wearing miter and holding crozier.&nbsp; IACOBI (of Jacobus).</p><p>Rev. METENSIS.</p><p>Metz was just across the border between eastern Champagne and the duchy of Lorraine, which (as the name suggests) was part of the Francophone west of the German empire.&nbsp; (Henri II, Count of Bar-le-Duc, included fleurs de lis on his coins, and participated not only in French baronial wars (cf. my earlier, excessively pedantic post about Thibaut IV), but in the initial, French contingent of the &#039;Barons&#039; Crusade,&#039; dying in Gaza in 1239.)</p><p>Metz is where the memoirist Jean de Joinville went, in 1248, in preparation for his departure on St. Louis&#039; first crusade.&nbsp; Time to let Joinville talk (from the Marzials abridged translation):</p><p>&quot;Because I did not wish to take away with me any penny wrongfully gotten [granted, Louis IX personally subsidized him for a good part of the crusade], therefore I went to Metz, in Lorraine, and placed in pawn the greater part of my land.&quot; (164.)</p><p>One conspicuous consequence of the Crusades was the sometimes disastrous expense for the middle-lower European aristocracy, only most conspicuously in France.&nbsp; Any number of feudal polities were effectively bankrupted.&nbsp; Jean himself spent the rest of his life in close association with the Capetian royal court; he knew a cash cow when he saw one.[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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