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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;+VGO.DVCKS, post: 4971890, member: 110504&quot;][USER=74712]@FitzNigel[/USER], while many of us here dearly love the Norman series (who has enough of &#039;em? not me), medieval Italian is one place where I branch out, at least into the mid-13th century, both civic and Staufen-era royal /imperial* issues.</p><p>Here&#039;s one in the names of Heinrich VI (German emperor, late 12th c.) and Costanza, the heiress of Sicily.&nbsp; ...Eventuating, thank you, in Friedrich II, who grew up in Sicily, and, in consequence, was probably literate in Arabic.&nbsp; ...Which Freaked Out contemporary chroniclers, even though the same level of (European) assimilation had been happening in Iberia at least since the time of Alfonso VI of Castile, to either side of the 12th century.&nbsp; ...I like it, for one, because this is one of the earliest examples of heraldry on a coin, with the Staufen eagle, like your example, on the reverse.</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1194925[/ATTACH]</p><p>Obv. &#039;E[NRICVS] IMPERATOR.</p><p>Rev. C[ONSTANTIA] IMPERATRIX.</p><p>*I will always, and forever need Voltaire&#039;s characterization of the &#039;Holy Roman Empire&#039; as &#039;neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empire.&#039;[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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