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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;+VGO.DVCKS, post: 4650901, member: 110504&quot;]There might be a better post to put this under, maybe even a brand new one, but it&#039;s Such A Great Post, from FitzNigel&#039;s contribution onward (present company last), it was hard to resist.</p><p>This is all about peck marks.&nbsp; They&#039;re so near-ubiquitous from the late 10th-mid-11th centuries, in Anglo-Saxon, Ottonian, and early Salian issues, that I had to find a Carolingian example that had some, vaguely dating to the original &#039;Danegelds&#039; from the mid-9th century.&nbsp; I&#039;d heard that they exist, initially in reference to the Cuerdale Hoard.</p><p>...Okay, here&#039;s a shred of relevance to this thread, especially Egry&#039;s frankly amazing contribution.&nbsp; Carolingian prototypes influenced a number of Norse Yorkish issues, including ones of Cnut.&nbsp; One even had a degraded &#039;KAROLVS&#039; monogram.&nbsp; (For this, all I have is Michael Dolley&#039;s old, but Good BM monograph, <u>Viking Coins of the Danelaw</u> [including York] <u>and of Dublin</u>, pp.19-20 and Plate VI.)</p><p>Anyway, found this one on French ebay.&nbsp; It&#039;s of Melle; of a type predating the &#039;GDR&#039; (&#039;GRATIA D-I REX&#039;) issue, which begins in 865.&nbsp; Oddly, the later &#039;GDR&#039; type, while ubiquitous from other mints, seems never to have been used at Melle.&nbsp; Given which, this is an early, Carolingian (rather than feudal), and very common immobilization.&nbsp; Right, there&#039;s relatively subtle degradation of the legends even in this context.&nbsp; The likeliest regnal culprit for this would seem to be Charles the Simple.&nbsp; Who, as everyone in the choir will know, ceded the initial, eastern third of Normandy to Rollo (who, like Cnut and later kings of York, was Norse, not Danish) in 911.&nbsp; (Cf. David Bates, <u>Nody Bermanfore 1066</u> (Longman, 1982), Chapter 1 passim and Map 2.)&nbsp; At best, this is a sketchily informed guess, likely animated (vs. informed) by wishful thinking.&nbsp; But the immobilizations would predate his iconic Melle issue, with &#039;MET VLLO&#039; in two lines.&nbsp; ...&#039;Iconic&#039; by virtue of subsequent, feudal immobilization of that issue, far into the 12th century.&nbsp; (For the full range of variants, from Carolingian, to Carolingian immobilizations, to feudal ones, see</p><p>Depeyrot, <u>Le Numeraire Carolingien</u>, 3rd ed. (2008), No. 629; cf. 630, 631.</p><p>Nouchy, <u>Les Rois Carolingiens</u> (1994), pp. 264-5.</p><p>Duplessy, <u>Monnaies Francaises Feodales</u>, Tome I (2004), pp. 222-224. Roberts, <u>The Silver Coins of Medieval France</u> (1996), Nos. 3861-8.)</p><p>...Right, all the way back to the coin in question, it goes like this:</p><p>Obv.&nbsp; Cross.&nbsp; +CARLVS REX FR[ANCIA].</p><p>Rev.&nbsp; &#039;KAROLVS&#039;&nbsp; monogram.&nbsp; +MET X VLLO.&nbsp; (Melle.)&nbsp; (Depeyrot, No. 627 and plate, p. 287.)</p><p>Right, this was French ebay.&nbsp; The type, common as it is, was fully attributed, but the dealer lowered the price because of those unsightly peck marks!&nbsp; It was like, <b>Yessss!</b>&nbsp; I&#039;m <b>Having</b> that![/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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