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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;Orielensis, post: 8305180, member: 96898&quot;]As Donna said above, 1500 is the generally accepted end date of the Middle Ages.</p><p><br /></p><p>If you want to be more precise, though, the years between c. 1440 and 1540 are often considered a transitional century between the medieval and the early modern period. This century saw a large number of political, military, social and religious events as well as scientific discoveries and technological innovations that were to profoundly shape the early modern world:</p><p><br /></p><p>1439: Johannes Gutenberg invents movable type printing</p><p>1453: Ottoman conquest of Constantinople</p><p>1461: Empire of Trebizond falls to the Turks, final end of Byzantine rule</p><p>1462: Cosimo de Medici and Marsilio Ficino establish the &quot;Platonic Academy&quot; at Florence</p><p>1469: The marriage between Ferdinand II and Isabella unifies Spain</p><p>1475: Abraham Zacuto&#039;s <i>Almanach perpetuum</i>, start of precise astronavigation</p><p>1492: Fall of Granada, end of the Spanish Reconquista</p><p>1492: Columbus reaches America</p><p>1498: Vasco da Gama first reaches India by sea</p><p>c. 1500: Development of the wheellock handgun</p><p>c. 1503–1506: Leonardo da Vinci paints the <i>Mona Lisa</i></p><p>1507: Martin Waldseemüller creates the first world map showing America</p><p>1509: Henry VIII becomes king of England</p><p>1511: Peter Henlein invents the portable watch</p><p>1517: Luther&#039;s 95 theses, start of the Protestant Reformation</p><p>1519: Hernán Cortés arrives in Mexico</p><p>1521: Diet of Worms, marks first overt schism of the western church</p><p>1526: Sack of Rome</p><p>1533: Pizarro&#039;s conquest of the Inca Empire</p><p>1534: First Act of Supremacy, start of English Reformation</p><p>1543: Andreas Vesalius publishes <i>De humani corporis fabrica</i>, start of modern anatomy</p><p>1543: Nikolaus Kopernikus publishes <i>De revolutionibus orbium coelestium</i>, heliocentric model of the solar system[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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