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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;EWC3, post: 3715021, member: 93416&quot;]Try this</p><p><br /></p><p><a href="https://www.academia.edu/4645738/Late_Indian_Punchmarked_Coins_in_the_Mir_Zakah_II_Hoard" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.academia.edu/4645738/Late_Indian_Punchmarked_Coins_in_the_Mir_Zakah_II_Hoard" rel="nofollow">https://www.academia.edu/4645738/Late_Indian_Punchmarked_Coins_in_the_Mir_Zakah_II_Hoard</a></p><p><br /></p><p>Its hard to go beyond what I wrote there and pin down the implications of the symbols – but since you ask I will offer suggestions.</p><p><br /></p><p>First note that (contra Doug) there are hundreds of different combinations on the Maghada/Mauryan PMC’s and dozens of them are quite common. Nearly all of them show two marks: the sun and 6-arm. I would read those symbols</p><p><br /></p><p>sun = the universal emperor (because the sun shines on everyone)</p><p><br /></p><p>6-arm = the logo of the Maghada/Mauryan dynasties</p><p><br /></p><p>Turning to the specific GH 586 you ask about. (It got this number because there were 585 known types presumed older than this by Gupta).</p><p><br /></p><p>These 3-man coins are <u>almost the only ones that lack the sun and six arm</u>, and they clearly come near the very end of the whole series. An obvious guess is that they were not issued by the ruling dynasty at all, but by the opponents who brought about its fall and the end of the empire.</p><p><br /></p><p>Thus one guess might be that they are three generals/regional kings who had combined to bring about the defeat and fall of the Imperial house.</p><p><br /></p><p>However, recall that traditional Hinduism recognised 3 supreme deities - Brahma the creator, Vishnu the preserver, and Shiva the destroyer. So maybe this opposing force is just putting up a symbol of traditional Hinduism as its political masthead?</p><p><br /></p><p>Although I take most of the symbols on the PMC’s as rather arbitrary - to indicate officials, places and dates, this very late coin has a strange elephant-on-flea mark – which also looks to me like it might also have some kind of political interpretation.</p><p><br /></p><p>Rob T[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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